The association between birth weight, ponderal index, psychotropic medication, and type 2 diabetes in individuals with severe mental illness.

Background: Impaired fetal growth may increase vulnerability towards metabolic disturbances associated with some medications. We examined whether birth weight and ponderal index modify the association between psychotropic medication and type 2 diabetes among young adults with severe psychiatric diagnosis.

Methods: A total of 36,957 individuals born in Denmark between 1973 and 1983 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depression were followed from first diagnosis until 2018.

Childhood trauma in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A longitudinal study. The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study - VIA 7 and VIA 11.

Objectives: Childhood trauma increases the risk of developing mental illness as does being born to parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We aimed to compare prevalence of lifetime childhood trauma among 11-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) compared with population-based controls (PBCs).

Design: The study is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of children at FHR-SZ, FHR-BP, and PBCs.

Consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on cannabis, cannabinoids and psychosis.

Objectives: The liberalisation of cannabis laws, the increasing availability and potency of cannabis has renewed concern about the risk of psychosis with cannabis.

Methods: The objective of the WFSBP task force was to review the literature about this relationship.

Results: Converging lines of evidence suggest that exposure to cannabis increases the risk for psychoses ranging from transient psychotic states to chronic recurrent psychosis.

At the Core of Depression: A Diagnostic Interview of the Core Features of Depression.

Introduction: Valid and reliable methods for diagnosing depression are essential. The present study aimed to test the performance of a new diagnostic interview for depression focusing on the core symptoms of depression.

Method: We developed a diagnostic interview for depression: the CORE Diagnostic Interview, CORE-DI, which assesses each of the core features of depression on the four dimensions: quality, reactivity, globality, and fluctuations over time.

A psychometric investigation of the multiple-choice version of Animated Triangles Task to measure Theory of Mind in adolescence.

The Animated Triangles Task (AT) is commonly used to measure Theory of Mind (ToM). AT can be scored by clinicians based on participants' verbal responses (AT-verbal) or using a multiple-choice paradigm (AT-MCQ). This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the less time-consuming AT-MCQ.

Verbal memory performance predicts remission and functional outcome in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Robust deficits in cognitive functioning are present in people with psychosis and are evident in the early stages of the disorder. Impairments in verbal memory and verbal fluency are reliably seen in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) compared to healthy populations. As previous studies have shown a relationship between cognition and longer-term outcomes in schizophrenia, the aim of this paper was to explore whether verbal memory and verbal fluency performance predicted outcomes in a large CHR sample recruited as part of the EU-GEI High Risk Study.

Accounting for age of onset and family history improves power in genome-wide association studies.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revolutionized human genetics, allowing researchers to identify thousands of disease-related genes and possible drug targets. However, case-control status does not account for the fact that not all controls may have lived through their period of risk for the disorder of interest. This can be quantified by examining the age-of-onset distribution and the age of the controls or the age of onset for cases.

Group cognitive behavioural therapy with virtual reality exposure versus group cognitive behavioural therapy with in vivo exposure for social anxiety disorder and agoraphobia: a protocol for a randomised clinical trial.

Introduction: Anxiety disorders have a high lifetime prevalence, early-onset and long duration or chronicity. Exposure therapy is considered one of the most effective elements in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety, but in vivo exposure can be challenging to access and control, and is sometimes rejected by patients because they consider it too aversive. Virtual reality allows flexible and controlled exposure to challenging situations in an immersive and protected environment.

Predictors of return to work for people on sick leave with common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To support the return to work following common mental disorders knowing which factors influence the return to work is important. We aimed to identify factors predicting return to work for people on sick leave with disorders like stress, anxiety, and depression.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted regarding return to work at any time point, < 3 months, 3-12 months, and > 12 months of sick leave, respectively, and diagnostic subgroups.

Neurocognitive heterogeneity in 7-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish high risk and resilience study - VIA 7.

Background: Studies of neurocognitive heterogeneity in young children at familial high-risk of bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) or schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) are important to investigate inter-individual neurocognitive differences. We aimed to identify neurocognitive subgroups, describe prevalence of FHR-BP or FHR-SZ children herein, and examine risk ratios (RR) compared with controls.

Methods: In a population-based cohort of 514 7-year-old children (197 FHR-SZ, 118 FHR-BP, and 199 matched controls) we used hierarchical cluster analyses to identify subgroups across 14 neurocognitive indices.

Genome-wide association study of febrile seizures implicates fever response and neuronal excitability genes.

Febrile seizures represent the most common type of pathological brain activity in young children and are influenced by genetic, environmental and developmental factors. In a minority of cases, febrile seizures precede later development of epilepsy. We conducted a genome-wide association study of febrile seizures in 7635 cases and 83 966 controls identifying and replicating seven new loci, all with P < 5 × 10-10.

Early-Life Injuries and the Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

To estimate phenotypic and familial association between early-life injuries and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the genetic contribution to the association using polygenic risk score for ADHD (PRS-ADHD) and genetic correlation analyses. Children born in Denmark between 1995-2010 (n = 786,543) were followed from age 5 years until a median age of 14 years (interquartile range: 10-18 years). Using diagnoses, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and absolute risks of ADHD by number of hospital/emergency ward-treated injuries by age 5.

Mental disorders in preadolescent children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder - a four-year follow-up study: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 11.

Background: Children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have an elevated prevalence of mental disorders but studies of children within a narrow age range are lacking and there are few conjoint studies of these two groups. Knowledge on their mental health is important for prevention and early intervention.

Methods: The authors examined mental disorders and global functioning in children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) and bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) compared with population-based controls.

Investigating personal and clinical recovery processes in people with first episode psychosis.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by a range of symptoms such as distortions in reality, emotional abnormalities and deficits in cognition. Recovery from severe mental illness can be conceptualized in a number of ways. Clinical recovery has a focus on symptoms and functioning whilst personal recovery describes the process of developing new meaning and purpose in life beyond mental illness.

Social position and functional somatic disorders: The DanFunD study.

Background And Aim: It is generally accepted that functional somatic disorders (FSDs) are a product of biological, psychological, and social factors. Social position might be part of this complex, but the literature on this issue is currently heterogeneous and inconsistent. The aim of the present study was - in a population-based cohort - to test the hypothesis that lower social position would be associated with higher a risk of FSD.

Direct costs of hospital care of self-harm: A national register-based cohort study.

Objective: To estimate national direct hospital costs associated with treatment of self-harm and to analyse whether costs differ with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: A cohort design was applied to register data on all people living in Denmark (5.8 million inhabitants) from Jan 1, 2012 to Dec 31, 2016.

Substance-induced psychosis as a risk factor for unipolar depression or anxiety disorders-A nationwide register-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Substance-induced psychosis has previously been linked to increased incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to investigate if substance-induced psychosis is associated with increased risk of depression or anxiety.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide prospective register-based cohort study from 1994 to 2017, including all individuals with substance-induced psychosis, and age-and-sex matched controls without substance-induced psychosis.

Evaluating the interrelations between the autism polygenic score and psychiatric family history in risk for autism.

Psychiatric family history or a high autism polygenic risk score (PRS) have been separately linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. The study aimed to simultaneously consider psychiatric family history and individual autism genetic liability (PRS) in autism risk. We performed a case-control study of all Denmark singleton births, May 1981-December 2005, in Denmark at their first birthday and a known mother.

The association of plasma inflammatory markers with omega-3 fatty acids and their mediating role in psychotic symptoms and functioning: An analysis of the NEURAPRO clinical trial.

There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) mediated membrane function plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Even though preclinical findings have supported the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 FAs on brain health, their biological roles as anti-inflammatory agents and their therapeutic role on clinical symptoms of psychosis risk are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of erythrocyte omega-3 FAs with plasma immune markers in a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) sample.

Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for patients with neuropathic pain and other pain disorders: Nationwide register-based pharmacoepidemiologic comparison with propensity score matched controls.

Background: Neuropathic pain and other pain disorders have received attention as potential indications for use of cannabis-based medicines or medical cannabis (CBM/MC). Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of CBM/MC for pain disorders is, however, insufficient. Denmark introduced a pilot programme of medical cannabis in January 2018.