European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines on end of life and palliative care in the intensive care unit.

The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) has developed evidence-based recommendations and expert opinions about end-of-life (EoL) and palliative care for critically ill adults to optimize patient-centered care, improving outcomes of relatives, and supporting intensive care unit (ICU) staff in delivering compassionate and effective EoL and palliative care. An international multi-disciplinary panel of clinical experts, a methodologist, and representatives of patients and families examined key domains, including variability across countries, decision-making, palliative-care integration, communication, family-centered care, and conflict management. Eight evidence-based recommendations (6 of low level of evidence and 2 of high level of evidence) and 19 expert opinions were presented.

Education Research: EEG Education in Child Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities Residencies: A Survey of US and Canadian Program Directors.

Background And Objectives: In the United States, many child neurologists (CNs) and neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) specialists who read EEGs in clinical practice had no additional EEG training other than what was received during residency. This practice highlights the importance of ensuring that CN/NDD residents achieve EEG competence before graduation. However, prior survey-based evidence showed that roughly a third of graduating CN residents in the United States do not feel confident interpreting EEGs independently.

Aortic root replacement for bicuspid aortic valve dysfunction does not impair survival rates.

Background: Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve carry an increased risk for developing an ascending aortic aneurysm due to intrinsic aortic wall alterations. A lower threshold for aortic surgery may therefore be considered in these patients, especially in those who require aortic valve surgery. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of an isolated aortic valve replacement with that of an aortic root replacement in bicuspid aortic valve patients with an indication for aortic valve surgery.

Gene-environmental influence of space and microgravity on red blood cells with sickle cell disease.

A fundamental question in human biology and for hematological disease is how do complex gene-environment interactions lead to individual disease outcome? This is no less the case for sickle cell disease (SCD), a monogenic disorder of Mendelian inheritance, both clinical course, severity, and treatment response, is variable amongst affected individuals. New insight and discovery often lie between the intersection of seemingly disparate disciplines. Recently, opportunities for space medicine have flourished and have offered a new paradigm for study.

Impact of tele-antimicrobial stewardship at two small community hospitals in partnership with an academic medical center: two years of experience.

Objective: To analyze the impact of a fully remote tele-antimicrobial stewardship program (TASP) at two small community hospitals in partnership with an academic medical center.

Design: Retrospective survey from August 1, 2020, to July 31, 2022.

Setting: A TASP, co-led by an infectious diseases (ID) physician and ID pharmacist, was implemented at M Health Fairview (MHF) Northland, a 21-bed hospital, and at MHF Lakes, a 49-bed hospital.

"Join the team" clinical research workforce development model: A new paradigm in healthcare career opportunities.

The University of California (UC) Davis Clinical and Translational Science Center has established the "Join the Team" model, a Clinical Research Coordinator workforce pipeline utilizing a community-based approach. The model has been extensively tested at UC Davis and demonstrated to generate a viable pathway for qualified candidates for employment in clinical research. The model combines the following elements: community outreach; professional training materials created by the Association for Clinical Research Professionals and adapted to the local environment; financial support to trainees to encourage ethnic and socioeconomic diversity; and internship/shadowing opportunities.

Emergency department buprenorphine program: staff concerns and recommended implementation strategies.

Background: Patients presenting to Emergency Departments (ED) with opioid use disorder may be candidates for buprenorphine treatment, making EDs an appropriate setting to initiate this underused, but clinically proven therapy. Hospitals are devoting increased efforts to routinizing buprenorphine initiation in the ED where clinically appropriate, with the greatest successes occurring in academic medical centers. Overall, however, clinician participation in these efforts is suboptimal.

Proteome and Phosphoproteome Profiling Reveal the Toxic Mechanism of Epsilon Toxin in MDCK Cells.

Epsilon toxin (ETX), a potential agent of biological and toxic warfare, causes the death of many ruminants and threatens human health. It is crucial to understand the toxic mechanism of such a highly lethal and rapid course toxin. In this study, we detected the effects of ETX on the proteome and phosphoproteome of MDCK cells after 10 min and 30 min.

Vitamin D for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: COPD is a common, preventable and treatable airway disease, and is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide. About one billion people worldwide are estimated to have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is common among people with COPD, and has been reported to be associated with reduced lung function and increased risk of acute exacerbations of COPD.

Pronouns reactivate conceptual representations in human hippocampal neurons.

During discourse comprehension, every new word adds to an evolving representation of meaning that accumulates over consecutive sentences and constrains the next words. To minimize repetition and utterance length, languages use pronouns, like the word "she," to refer to nouns and phrases that were previously introduced. It has been suggested that language comprehension requires that pronouns activate the same neuronal representations as the nouns themselves.

To biopsy or not to biopsy: a retrospective review of presumed osteoid osteomas treated by radiofrequency ablation.

Objective: First, to determine the frequency and spectrum of osteoid osteoma (OO)-mimicking lesions among presumed OO referred for radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Second, to compare patient sex and age, lesion location, and rates of primary treatment failure for OO based on histopathology results.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all first-time combined CT-guided biopsy/RFA for presumed OO at a single academic center between January 1990 and August 2023.

Association of Gender and Personal Choices with Salaries of New Emergency Medicine Graduates.

Objective: The medical literature has demonstrated disparities and variability in physician salaries and, specifically, emergency physician (EP) salaries. We sought to investigate individual physician characteristics, including sex and educational background, together with individual preferences of graduating EPs, and their association with the salary of their first job.

Methods: The American College of Emergency Physicians and the George Washington University Mullan Institute surveyed 2019 graduating EPs.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Geographic Match Location Patterns: Comparison of Pre and Post Virtual Interviews.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of virtual interviews on geographic trends for applicants and programs in the obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) resident match.

Design: Cross-sectional study of a random 50% sample of all OBGYN residency programs listed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for the 2023 to 2024 academic year. Data collected from each program included geographic location, number of residents per year, and total number of residents.

Phacoemulsification with Either Endocyclophotocoagulation or Ab-Interno Canaloplasty with or without Trabeculotomy in Uveitic Glaucoma.

Purpose: Understanding the current role and efficacy of endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) compared to ab-interno canaloplasty with or without trabeculotomy (OMNI), combined with cataract extraction and lens implantation (CEIOL), for the management of uveitic glaucoma (UG) is limited.

Methods: All UG patients ≥18 years old with ≥6 months of follow-up data (15.2 ± 5.

Development and Validation of the Satisfaction Concerning Stoma Care Questionnaire (SSCQ).

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop the Satisfaction Concerning Stoma Care Questionnaire (SSCQ) and evaluate its structural and convergent validity and internal reliability.

Design: Instrument development and evaluation of validity and reliability.

Subjects And Setting: A preliminary 22-item SSCQ was administered in a larger web-based survey to members of 2 ostomy-related patient associations with members throughout the Netherlands.

Electroconvulsive therapy and cognitive performance from the Global ECT MRI Research Collaboration.

The Global ECT MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) has collected clinical and neuroimaging data of patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) from around the world. Results to date have focused on neuroimaging correlates of antidepressant response. GEMRIC sites have also collected longitudinal cognitive data.

Prostate Cancer-related Events in Patients with Synchronous Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy with and Without Concurrent Radiation Therapy to the Prostate; Data from the HORRAD Trial.

Background And Objective: A survival benefit was demonstrated for patients with low-volume synchronous metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPCa) when local radiotherapy to the prostate was added to androgen deprivation therapy. This study aims to determine the incidence of prostate cancer-related events and treatments in those who received and those who did not receive external beam radiotherapy for mHSPCa.

Methods: The HORRAD trial is a multicentre randomised controlled trial recruiting originally 432 patients with mHSPCa diagnosed between 2004 and 2014.

Management and follow-up strategies for patients with head and neck paraganglioma.

Objective: Head-neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are rare tumors with approximately half arising due to germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx). Patients with HNPGL have heterogeneous propensity to recur and metastasize. Thus, we aim to assess prevalence and predictors of recurrent (RD) and/or metastatic disease in patients with and without SDHx-related HNPGLs.