Relative efficacy of anti-Plasmodium vivax malaria combination drugs in preventing transmission to two major Anopheles mosquitoes in the first few days of treatment.

Objectives: The World Health Organization recommends three drug anti-malarial combinations: cloroquine+primaquine, artesiminin+primaquine, and cloroquine+tafenoquine. These combinations aim to eradicate Plasmodium by disrupting its life cycle within the human body. We evaluated the effect of these medications on the vectorial competence of two main vectors in the New World.

Interventions to ensure access to and continuity of HIV care for international migrants: an evidence synthesis.

International migrants, especially those belonging to key populations, face a considerable HIV burden. However, continuity of HIV care for this group is often challenged along the migration route. We assess the available evidence on the existing interventions that aim to strengthen community and health systems to ensure the continuity of HIV care for international migrants.

Cost of "Ideal Minimum Integrated Care" for Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Patients in Cambodia Context: Provider Perspective.

Introduction: As in other countries worldwide, Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) and hypertension (HTN) prevalence is increasing in Cambodia. The country is examining models to scale-up integrated T2D and HTN care. However, costs of integrated care in this setting are not yet well-understood.

Process Evaluations for the Scale-Up of Complex Interventions - a Scoping Review.

Introduction: Complex health interventions (CHIs) are common in (public) health and social care practice and policy. A process evaluation (PE) is an essential part of designing and testing CHIs and questions what is implemented, the mechanisms of change, and how context affects implementation. The scale-up of CHIs is challenging and heterogeneous, making the accompanying PE unique to the nature of the inquiry.

Macrolide resistance is pervasive in oral streptococci in the Belgian general population: a cross-sectional survey.

Commensal streptococci are common inhabitants of the oral microbiome and regulate its structure and function in beneficial ways for human health. They can, however, also be opportunistic pathogens and act as a reservoir of resistance genes that can be passed on to other bacteria, including pathogens. Little is known about the prevalence of these commensals in parents and their children and their antimicrobial susceptibilities in the Belgian general population.

Targeting the IspE Enzyme.

The enzyme IspE in is considered an attractive drug target, as it is essential for parasite survival and is absent in the human proteome. Yet it still has not been addressed by a small-molecule inhibitor. In this study, we conducted a high-throughput screening campaign against the IspE enzyme.

Identification of complex Plasmodium falciparum genetic backgrounds circulating in Africa: a multicountry genomic epidemiology analysis.

Background: The population structure of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can reveal underlying adaptive evolutionary processes. Selective pressures to maintain complex genetic backgrounds can encourage inbreeding, producing distinct parasite clusters identifiable by population structure analyses.

Methods: We analysed population structure in 3783 P falciparum genomes from 21 countries across Africa, provided by the MalariaGEN Pf7 dataset.

SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-1 Induce Amyloid Aggregation in Human CSF Resulting in Drastic Soluble Protein Depletion.

The corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the resulting long-term neurological complications in patients, known as long COVID, have renewed interest in the correlation between viral infections and neurodegenerative brain disorders. While many viruses can reach the central nervous system (CNS) causing acute or chronic infections (such as herpes simplex virus 1, HSV-1), the lack of a clear mechanistic link between viruses and protein aggregation into amyloids, a characteristic of several neurodegenerative diseases, has rendered such a connection elusive. Recently, we showed that viruses can induce aggregation of purified amyloidogenic proteins via the direct physicochemical mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation (HEN).

Variations in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy over time: a serial cross-sectional study in five West African countries.

Objectives: This study aims to identify the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy, willingness and its variation over time in order to inform more responsive strategies for increasing vaccination uptake. The specific objectives are: (1) to describe and compare levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the general population in rural and urban settings in West Africa over time and (2) to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination willingness and hesitancy among the general population across five West African countries over time.

Design: Following a baseline survey (Wave I), three serial cross-sectional surveys (Waves II-IV) were implemented.

Evaluating methods for identifying and quantifying co-colonization using next-generation sequencing data.

Detection of multiple pneumococcal serotype carriage can enhance monitoring of pneumococcal vaccine impact, particularly among high-burden childhood populations. We assessed methods for identifying co-carriage of pneumococcal serotypes from whole-genome sequences. Twenty-four nasopharyngeal samples were collected during community carriage surveillance from healthy children in Blantyre, Malawi, which were then serotyped by microarray.

Comparative genomics of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis N67 and N67C: genome-wide polymorphisms, differential gene expression, and drug resistance.

Background: The study of rodent malaria parasites has significantly advanced our understanding of malaria parasite biology and host responses to parasite infections. There are four well-characterized rodent malaria parasite species (Plasmodium yoelii, P. chabaudi, P.

Variable effects of transient Wolbachia infections on alphaviruses in Aedes aegypti.

Wolbachia pipientis (= Wolbachia) has promise as a tool to suppress virus transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. However, Wolbachia can have variable effects on mosquito-borne viruses. This variation remains poorly characterized, yet the multimodal effects of Wolbachia on diverse pathogens could have important implications for public health.

Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) among patients with HIV-associated TB in Khayelitsha, South Africa.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important and frequently used patient-reported outcome in health research. However, little qualitative research exists in this field in South Africa. This study was set in Khayelitsha, one of the largest informal settlements in South Africa, where the burden of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection are amongst the highest in the world and significantly affect HRQOL.

The role of connectivity on malaria dynamics across areas with contrasting control coverage in the Peruvian Amazon.

Network analysis may improve the understanding of malaria epidemiology in rural areas of the Amazon region by explicitly representing the relationships between villages as a proxy for human population mobility. This study tests a comprehensive set of connectivity metrics and their relationship with malaria incidence across villages with contrasting PAMAFRO (a malaria control initiative) coverage levels in the Loreto department of Peru using data from the passive case detection reports from the Peruvian Ministry of Health between 2011 and 2018 at the village level. A total of 24 centrality metrics were computed and tested on 1608 nodes (i.