OSA treatment with CPAP: Randomized crossover study comparing tolerance and efficacy with and without humidification by ThermoSmart.

Objectives: Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains an issue, as adverse effects (AE) such as rhinitis, dry/congested nose, dry mouth or throat are commonly experienced. The aim of the study was to compare CPAP efficacy and tolerance in severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients with or without (w/o) heated humidification using the ThermoSmart system.

Methods: Multicenter RCT study in which CPAP-naive patients with severe OSA and meeting one or more of the following criteria: >65 years, using >1 drying medication, previous nasal symptoms or nasal surgery, were included.

A 5-day course of oral antibiotics followed by faecal transplantation to eradicate carriage of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: Intestinal carriage with extended spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) can persist for months. We aimed to evaluate whether oral antibiotics followed by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can eradicate intestinal carriage with ESBL-E/CPE.

Methods: Randomized, open-label, superiority trial in four tertiary-care centres (Geneva (G), Paris (P), Utrecht (U), Tel Aviv (T)).

Endobronchial coil treatment in severe emphysema patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Endobronchial coil treatment (ECT) is a minimally invasive procedure developed for palliative care of patients with severe emphysema. ECT has demonstrated a decrease in hyperinflation, an improvement in quality of life, and an acceptable safety profile in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Because alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a classical exclusion criterion in RCTs, there is no available data for ECT in AATD.

Evaluation of broad-spectrum beta-lactam prescriptions (except carbapenems) in a French teaching hospital.

Objectives: We aimed to assess broad-spectrum beta-lactam prescriptions (except carbapenems) in a French teaching hospital and the impact of controlled dispensing, antimicrobial management team, and antibiotic treatment reassessment on Day 2-3.

Patients And Methods: We performed a point-prevalence study in all hospital units and analyzed curative antibiotic broad-spectrum beta-lactam prescriptions. The assessment focused on indication, dosing, combinations, revaluation on Day 2-3, and treatment duration.

Cost-effectiveness of lung volume reduction coil treatment in patients with severe emphysema: results from the 2-year follow-up crossover REVOLENS study (REVOLENS-2 study).

Background: The REVOLENS study compared lung volume reduction coil treatment to usual care in patients with severe emphysema at 1 year, resulting in improved quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and higher costs. Durability of the coil treatment benefit and its cost-effectiveness at 2 years are now assessed.

Methods: After one year, the REVOLENS trial's usual care group patients received coil treatment (second-line coil treatment group).

A nationwide survey of French dentists' knowledge and implementation of current guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions.

Objectives: To prevent infective endocarditis in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions, antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended worldwide, except in the United Kingdom. To determine the relevance of this strategy, investigating how the current guidelines are applied is crucial. The first aim of this study was to assess dentists' implementation of the current guidelines.

Strengthened Ebola surveillance in France during a major outbreak in West Africa: March 2014-January 2016.

Unlabelled: Introduction An unprecedented outbreak of Ebola virus diseases (EVD) occurred in West Africa from March 2014 to January 2016. The French Institute for Public Health implemented strengthened surveillance to early identify any imported case and avoid secondary cases.

Methods: Febrile travellers returning from an affected country had to report to the national emergency healthcare hotline.

Efficacy of subcutaneous injection of platelet-rich plasma in alopecia: A clinical and histological pilot study on a rat model with a six-month long-term follow-up experience.

Purpose: To assess the potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) subcutaneous injection of to treat alopecia and to evaluate local toxicity.

Materials-methods: Twelve Hairless rats were used. At D0, we performed systematic clinical examination and divided the rat back into four quadrants (Q).

Influenza virus infections among patients attending emergency department according to main reason to presenting to ED: A 3-year prospective observational study during seasonal epidemic periods.

Objective: The role of influenza virus in patients presenting at ED during seasonal-epidemic periods has not previously been specified. Our objective was to determine its frequency according to clinical presentation.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted during three-consecutive seasonal Influenza epidemics (2013-2015), including patients presenting i) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); ii) severe acute symptoms (SAS): respiratory failure (RF), hemodynamic failure (HF), cardiac failure (CF), and miscellaneous symptoms (M); iii) symptoms suggesting influenza (PSSI).

Oral Streptococcal Endocarditis, Oral Hygiene Habits, and Recent Dental Procedures: A Case-Control Study.

Background.: We aimed to compare oral hygiene habits, orodental status, and dental procedures in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) according to whether the IE-causing microorganism originated in the oral cavity.

Methods.

Pneumatic dilation for functional helix stenosis after sleeve gastrectomy: long-term follow-up (with videos).

Background: A large number of patients who undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy present with surgical complications. Stenosis, in particular, occurs in .7%-4% of cases.

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Neurological Complications of Infective Endocarditis: Impact on Surgical Management and Prognosis.

Objectives: Symptomatic neurological complications (NC) are a major cause of mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) but the impact of asymptomatic complications is unknown. We aimed to assess the impact of asymptomatic NC (AsNC) on the management and prognosis of IE.

Methods: From the database of cases collected for a population-based study on IE, we selected 283 patients with definite left-sided IE who had undergone at least one neuroimaging procedure (cerebral CT scan and/or MRI) performed as part of initial evaluation.

A Finger-Stick Whole-Blood HIV Self-Test as an HIV Screening Tool Adapted to the General Public.

Background: In 2013, the French Health Authority approved the use of HIV self-tests in pharmacies for the general public. This screening tool will allow an increase in the number of screenings and a reduction in the delay between infection and diagnosis, thus reducing the risk of further infections. We previously compared 5 HIV-self test candidates (4 oral fluid and one whole blood) and demonstrated that the whole blood HIV test exhibited the optimal level of performance (sensitivity/specificity).

Lung Volume Reduction Coil Treatment vs Usual Care in Patients With Severe Emphysema: The REVOLENS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Therapeutic options for severe emphysema are limited. Lung volume reduction using nitinol coils is a bronchoscopic intervention inducing regional parenchymal volume reduction and restoring lung recoil.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, cost, and cost-effectiveness of nitinol coils in treatment of severe emphysema.

[Cannabis use: what to do in general practice?].

Cannabis use is now more frequent than alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking among young people (15-34years), whereas it may induce numerous medical aftermaths. Identifying and assessing cannabis use in general practice have become a current public health issue. The two steps of screening consist in spotting risky use of cannabis, and then in checking criteria for cannabis use disorder (CUD).

Mast cells in renal inflammation and fibrosis: lessons learnt from animal studies.

Mast cells are hematopoietic cells involved in inflammation and immunity and have been recognized also as important effector cells in kidney inflammation. In humans, only a few mast cells reside in kidneys constitutively but in progressive renal diseases their numbers increase substantially representing an essential part of the interstitial infiltrate of inflammatory cells. Recent data obtained in experimental animal models have emphasized a complex role of these cells and the mediators they release as they have been shown both to promote, but also to protect from disease and fibrosis development.

Intratendinous injection of platelet-rich plasma under US guidance to treat tendinopathy: a long-term pilot study.

Purpose: To assess the potential therapeutic effect of intratendinous injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under ultrasound (US) guidance to treat tendon tears and tendinosis in a pilot study with long-term follow-up.

Materials And Methods: The study included 408 consecutive patients referred for treatment by PRP injection of tendinopathy in the upper (medial and lateral epicondylar tendons) and the lower (patellar, Achilles, hamstring and adductor longus, and peroneal tendons) limb who received a single intratendinous injection of PRP under US guidance. Clinical and US data were retrospectively collected for each anatomic compartment for upper and lower limbs before treatment (baseline) and 6 weeks after treatment.

Acceleration of tendon healing using US guided intratendinous injection of bevacizumab: first pre-clinical study on a murine model.

Purpose: Tendinopathy shows early disorganized collagen fibers with neo-angiogenesis on histology. Peri-tendinous injection of corticosteroid is the commonly accepted strategy despite the abscence of inflammation in tendinosis. The aim of our study was to assess the potential of intratendinous injection of an anti-angiogenic drug (bevacizumab, AA) to treat tendinopathy in a murine model of patellar and Achilles tendinopathy, and to evaluate its local toxicity.

Efficacy of second intra-tendinous platelet-rich-plasma injection in case of incomplete response of the first injection: three-year follow up experience.

Purpose: Tendinopathy is a frequent and ubiquitous disease developing early disorganized collagen fibers with neo-angiogenesis on histology. Peritendinous injection of corticosteroid is the commonly accepted strategy despite the absence of inflammation in tendinopathy. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) might be a useful strategy to rapidly accelerate healing of the tendinopathy but there is a lack ok knowledge about the amount of PRP to be injected and the opportunity of a second injection in case of partial pain relief.