Performances of the BD MAX™ CDIFF assay for the detection of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile using Cary-Blair preserved samples.

Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a high concern because of its increasing prevalence, among both nosocomial infection and community-acquired infection contexts. A total of 1320 prospective stool samples collected on FecalSwab™ (Cary-Blair medium) were screened using BD Max™ CDIFF assay (BDM). Results were compared to the routine algorithm including immunochromatographic testing for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin A/B (tox) using C.

Paving the way for phage therapy using novel drug delivery approaches.

Bacterial resistance against antibiotics is an emergent medical issue. The development of novel therapeutic approaches is urgently needed and, in this context, bacteriophages represent a promising strategy to fight multi resistant bacteria. However, for some applications, bacteriophages cannot be used without an appropriate drug delivery system which increases their stability or provides an adequate targeting to the site of infection.

Evaluation of commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody assays in seropositive subjects.

The virus neutralization test (VNT) is the reference for the assessment of the functional ability of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to block SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. New competitive immunoassays measuring antibodies preventing interaction between the spike protein and its cellular receptor are proposed as surrogate VNT (sVNT). We tested three commercial sVNT (a qualitative immunochromatographic test and two quantitative immunoassays named YHLO and TECO) together with a conventional anti-spike IgG assay (bioMérieux) in comparison with an in-house plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) using the original 19A strain and different variants of concern (VOC), on a panel of 306 sera from naturally-infected or vaccinated patients.

Preoperative Anxiety in the Surgical Transfer and Waiting Area: A Cross-Sectional Mixed Method Study.

Severe preoperative anxiety (SPA) in surgical patients may have clinical consequences and worsen satisfaction. Some institutions have a surgical transfer and waiting area (TWA) for patient reception/dispatch to operating rooms. We measured the frequency of SPA, investigated predicting factors, and quantified the effect of the TWA stay on anxiety levels in a single centre cross-sectional study.

Effect of GOAL-Directed ANalgesia using ANI (Analgesia/Nociception Index) during general anesthesia on immediate postoperative pain and intraoperative hemodynamics in adult patients (GOALDAN study): a study protocol for randomized, controlled, multicenter trial.

Background: Severe postoperative pain remains a major problem that is seen in 20 to 40% of patients. The Analgesia/Nociception Index (ANI) is a 0-100 index reflecting the relative parasympathetic activity allowing for intraoperative analgesia monitoring. We have previously shown that an ANI value < 50 immediately before extubation may predict the occurrence of immediate postoperative pain with good performance.

Relationship between ANI and qNOX and between MAC and qCON during outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy using remifentanil and desflurane without muscle relaxants: a prospective observational preliminary study.

This study was designed to investigate qCON and qNOX variations during outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy using remifentanil and desflurane without muscle relaxants and compare these indices with ANI and MAC. Adult patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this prospective observational study. Maintenance of anesthesia was performed using remifentanil targeted to ANI 50-80 and desflurane targeted to MAC 0.

Neurologic outcome of VZV encephalitis one year after ICU admission: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of the main viruses responsible of acute encephalitis. However, data on the prognosis and neurologic outcome of critically ill patients with VZV encephalitis are limited. We aimed to describe the clinical features of VZV encephalitis in the ICU and to identify factors associated with a favorable neurologic outcome.

Assessment of quantitative and semi-quantitative biological test methods of artesunate in vitro.

Artesunate is the current most potent antimalarial drug widely used for the treatment of malaria. Considering the emergence of artemisinin resistance, several situations may require a simple method for artesunate quantification. We thus developed a quantitative and a semi-quantitative biological method for the determination of artesunate in liquid samples.

[Analysis of heparin sodium prescribing practices with an electric syringe pump].

Objectives: Report on the practices of prescribing continuous infusion of heparin sodium by syringe pump in our hospital and shed qualitative light on the protocols used in other French hospitals.

Methods: We interviewed prescribers about the protocol they were using through the computerized provider order entry system. At the same time, we asked hospital pharmacists, particularly through a social network, whether in their hospital one or more protocols were used and which ones.

Calcific tendinitis of the longus colli: An uncommon cause of neck pain.

Calcific tendinitis of the longus colli is an uncommon disease with unknown incidence, caused by the deposit of calcium hydroxyapatite in the superior oblique tendon of the longus colli. We report a case of A 57-year-old woman with a history of a thyroglossal cyst, presented in the emergency department with severe neck pain, odynophagia, and a biological inflammatory syndrome. The CT scan showed calcifications in the longus colli muscle (LCM) in front of the C1-C2 level with poorly defined margins, a thickening of the prevertebral soft tissue measured at 15 mm, with no evidence of abscess formation.

Proportion and conditions of use of intranasal take-home naloxone kits: A retrospective study in two French outpatient addiction centers, 2016-2020.

Background: Take-home naloxone (THN) helps to revert the medical consequences of an opioid overdose among people who use drugs (PWUD). In France, an intranasal THN was available from July 2016 to Dec 2020, which was directly dispensed in addiction centers, after a specific education program. However, this intranasal THN was subsequently removed from the market.

Implementation and Comparison of Two Pharmacometric Tools for Model-Based Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Precision Dosing of Daptomycin.

Daptomycin is a candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The objectives of this work were to implement and compare two pharmacometric tools for daptomycin TDM and precision dosing. A nonparametric population PK model developed from patients with bone and joint infection was implemented into the BestDose software.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Simulations of Cost-Effective Dosage Regimens of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Patients with Renal Impairment.

The pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL-TAZ) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CEF-AVI) is influenced by renal function. Application of recommended dosages in patients with renal impairment requires the use of fractions of the full dose, as only one dosage is available for both antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of alternative dosage regimens based on the full dose.

Agreement between a regional pharmacovigilance centre and an adjudication committee regarding adverse drug reactions on a cohort of hospitalised children.

Background And Purpose: The EREMI project was set up to collect data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring due to off-label and/or unlicensed drugs prescribed to hospitalised children in France. These events were evaluated by a regional pharmacovigilance centre (RPC) and an adjudication committee (AC). The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between these two different entities on their evaluation of ADRs.

[Impact of the new European regulation 2017/745 on medical devices on hospital pharmacies activity: Example on pharmaceutical supply function within a French university hospital center].

Objective: The new European regulation (MDR) on medical devices (MD) is expected to have major impacts on the industrial sector, but also consequences on healthcare professionals. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of the MDR on the supply of MDs in hospital pharmacies at the level of a French university hospital.

Material And Methods: We conducted a prospective follow-up of marketing cessations and supply disruptions directly related to the MDR between November 2019 and September 2020.

Drug resistant parasites and fungi from a one-health perspective: A global concern that needs transdisciplinary stewardship programs.

Antimicrobials including antibiotics, antiparasitic, and antifungals, are subjected to resistance. In this context, Public Health Organizations called for a One Health approach because antimicrobials used to treat different infectious diseases in animals and plants may be the same than those used in humans. Whereas mechanisms of resistance transmission from animals or environment to humans should be considered differently if related to prokaryotic or eukaryotic pathogens, their impact can be considered as a whole.

Cefepime Precision Dosing Tool: from Standard to Precise Dose Using Nonparametric Population Pharmacokinetics.

Cefepime is the second most common cephalosporin used in U.S. hospitals.

[The different phases of molecular and antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 viruses during the 20 months following its emergence].

From its emergence in December 2019 and until the end of the fourth pandemic wave in October 2021, SARS-CoV-2 circulation has been associated with significant molecular evolutions of the virus. These were linked to mutations that have led to new virus linages with replication advantages as a result of increased transmission, or partial immune escape in the context of progressively increasing global immunisation. The pandemic context with large scale epidemics massive outbreaks observed in highly populated areas has favoured this emergence of "variants".

Association between voriconazole exposure and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in critically ill patients.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential for voriconazole to ensure optimal drug exposure, mainly in critically ill patients for whom voriconazole demonstrated a large variability. The study aimed at describing factors associated with trough voriconazole concentrations in critically ill patients and evaluating the impact of voriconazole concentrations on adverse effects. A 2-year retrospective multicenter cohort study (NCT04502771) was conducted in six intensive care units.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotic Drugs in Patients Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy or Intermittent Hemodialysis: A Critical Review.

Purpose: Antibiotics are frequently used in patients receiving intermittent or continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT). Continuous renal replacement may alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) and the ability to achieve PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could help evaluate drug exposure and guide antibiotic dosage adjustment.

Parametric and Nonparametric Methods in Population Pharmacokinetics: Experts' Discussion on Use, Strengths, and Limitations.

Population pharmacokinetics consists of analyzing pharmacokinetic (PK) data collected in groups of individuals. Population PK is widely used to guide drug development and to inform dose adjustment via therapeutic drug monitoring and model-informed precision dosing. There are 2 main types of population PK methods: parametric (P) and nonparametric (NP).