A phase III clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in healthy children, adults, and elderly.

To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a newly 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), a phase Ⅲ clinical trial was conducted in population aged ≥ 2 years. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, active controlled trial, in which 1760 participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive one dose of either the test vaccine or the control commercial vaccine. The surveillance period was 28 days.

Carotid intima media thickness and ankle brachial index are inversely associated in subjects with and without diabetes.

Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and ankle brachial index (ABI) are non-invasive indicators of generalised atherosclerosis. The aim was to determine the association between carotid IMT and ABI in subjects with and without diabetes mellitus (DM), and to analyse specific age change-points. We included 2744 subjects from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (mean age (SD) 56.

miR-135 promotes proliferation and stemness of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting RERG.

MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in tumourigenesis and cancer development by regulating oncogenes or tumour suppressor that are implicated in cell cycle, cell mobility and even cell senescence. Due to the resistance to enzymes that could degrade nucleotides, miRNAs have been considered proper for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of cancer. The present study was designed to investigate miRNA associated with ESCC and identified effective miRNAs, which could serve as biomarker or targets.

Older adults' perspectives on the process of becoming users of assistive technology: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Purpose: To identify, synthesize, and evaluate existing literature concerning the process of becoming a user of assistive technology (AT).

Method: A systematic review and meta-synthesis were carried out. Five bibliographic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO and SocINDEX) were systematically searched up to 13 of March 2017, using two sets of search terms: (i) elderly and synonyms and (ii) assistive technology and similar words, and combined with a qualitative research filter.

Daily gentamicin using ideal body weight demonstrates lower risk of postpartum endometritis and increased chance of successful outcome compared with traditional 8-hour dosing for the treatment of intrapartum chorioamnionitis.

Clinical chorioamnionitis complicates approximately 1-4% of pregnancies overall. Although universal agreement does not exist regarding the antibiotic regimen of choice, most studies have evaluated intravenous ampicillin dosed at 2 g every 6 hours plus gentamicin dosed every 8 hours. Only three studies have examined daily gentamicin for the treatment of intrapartum chorioamnionitis and thus is insufficiently investigated.

"It is not possible to go inside and have a discussion": how fear of stigma affects delivery of community-based support for children's HIV care.

Caregivers mediate children's access to HIV care and their adherence to treatment. Support for caregivers may improve health outcomes in children, but fear of HIV stigma and discrimination can affect both uptake and delivery of support services. Within a trial evaluating community-based support for caregivers of newly HIV diagnosed children in Harare, Zimbabwe, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative study to explore how stigma affected delivery and acceptance of the intervention.

Protective effects of fermented honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) extract (HU-018) against skin aging: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Oxidative stress and photodamage resulting from ultraviolet radiation exposure play key roles in skin aging. Fermented Cyclopia intermedia, which is used to brew honeybush tea, exerts antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase activity.

Objectives: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fermented honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) extract (HU-018) for skin rejuvenation.

Effects of black cohosh and estrogen on core body and tail-skin temperatures in ovariectomized rats by telemetric monitoring with dual thermistor probes.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of black cohosh and estrogen on the temperature in ovariectomized rats, the core body temperature (CBT) and tail-skin temperature (TST) were simultaneously monitored and the relationship between these two temperatures was explored.

Methods: Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated (SHAM), ovariectomized (OVX), OVX treated with estradiol valerate (OVX + E), and OVX treated with isopropanolic black cohosh extract (OVX + ICR). Rats were sham-operated or ovariectomized and were implanted with telemetry transmitters with dual thermistor probes.

Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Objective: This study presents a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder (APD). The tests were evaluated as to normative cut-off values (pass-fail criteria) and their test-retest reliability.

Design: The battery consists of four behavioural tests: the filtered words (FW) test, the dichotic digits (DD) test, the gap detection (GD) test and the binaural masking level difference (BMLD) test.

Waist circumference is associated with liver fat in black and white adolescents.

We examined whether waist circumference (WC) is associated with liver fat in black and white adolescents. Liver fat was measured using a 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in 152 overweight/obese adolescents (94 black and 58 white, body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile, aged 12-18 years) without liver diseases or diabetes. WC was measured at the last rib.

National Trachoma Assessment in the Lao People's Democratic Republic in 2013-2014.

Purpose: Population-based prevalence surveys were undertaken to determine whether trachoma is a public health problem in Laos requiring implementation of the SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, environmental improvement).

Methods: The country was divided into 19 evaluation units (EUs), each containing a population of roughly 100,000-350,000 people. Of these, 16 were believed most likely to harbor trachoma (based on historical evidence), and were mapped using the Global Trachoma Mapping Project methods.

Prescription opioid abuse and misuse: gap between primary-care investigator assessment and actual extent of these behaviors among patients with chronic pain.

Objectives: To compare the results of two open-label primary care-based studies that examined investigator assessment of patient risk for prescription opioid misuse, abuse, and diversion relative to patient self-reports and urine drug tests (UDTs).

Methods: Risk assessment data from two open-label, multicenter, primary care-based US studies in patients with chronic pain were compared.

Results: In one study (n = 1487), 54.

Cladribine, cytarabine and idarubicin (CLA-Ida) salvage chemotherapy in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Background: The prognosis for relapsing AML patients is disappointing and the preferred salvage chemotherapy is unclear. Among other regimens, cladribine, cytarabine, and idarubicin (CLA-Ida) is used.

Methods: We analyzed relapsing AML patients receiving CLA-Ida chemotherapy between July 2012 and April 2015 at three academic centers in Switzerland.

Activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A/eIF2α-ATF4 pathway triggers autophagy response to Crohn disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli infection.

The intestinal mucosa of Crohn disease (CD) patients is abnormally colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC). Upon AIEC infection, autophagy is induced in host cells to restrain bacterial intracellular replication.

Endothelial- and Platelet-Derived Microparticles Are Generated During Liver Resection in Humans.

Background: Cell-derived plasma microparticles (<1.5 μm) originating from various cell types have the potential to regulate thrombogenesis and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that microparticles generated during hepatic surgery co-regulate postoperative procoagulant and proinflammatory events.