Applications and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in the Breeding of Major Tropical Crops.

China is a major producer of tropical crops globally, boasting rich varieties and diverse functions. Tropical crops account for two-thirds of the plant species in this country. Many crops and their products, such as oil palm, rubber, banana, sugarcane, cassava, and papaya are well known to people.

Highly Efficient Mediated Transformation of Oil Palm Using an -Glyphosate Selection System.

Oil palm ( Jacq.) is the most efficient oil-producing crop globally, yet progress in its research has been hampered by the lack of effective genetic transformation systems. The gene, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, has been used as a transgenic selection marker in various crops, including rice and soybean.

Genome-wide association analysis reveals regulatory genes for the metabolite synthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in aromatic coconut (Cocos nucifera L.).

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a key tropical economic tree valued for its fruit flavor, particularly 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), a vital aroma metabolite. To enhance high-aromatic coconut breeding efforts, it is essential to deeply understand the hereditary factors governing the production of 2AP.

Molecular Variation and Phylogeny of Thymidylate Kinase Genes of Phytoplasma ziziphi from Different Resistant and Susceptible Jujube Cultivars in China.

The thymidylate kinase () gene is indispensable for the proliferation and survival of phytoplasma. To reveal the molecular variation and phylogeny of the genes of phytoplasma ziziphi, in this study, the genes of 50 phytoplasma strains infecting different resistant and susceptible jujube cultivars from different regions in China were amplified and analyzed. Two sequence types, and , were identified using clone-based sequencing.

Phosphorus-Mediated Transition from Vegetative to Reproductive Growth in Dwarf Coconut ( L.).

Reducing the time before the flowering stage in coconut ( L.) trees greatly influences yield, yet the mechanisms driving the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth are not well understood, especially the role of phosphorus in this transition. In this study, dwarf coconut plants of the same cultivation age were selected and categorized into the vegetative phase (VP) or the reproductive phase (RP).

Evaluating the Influence of Different Artificial Diets on L. Using Health Biomarkers and Performance Metrics.

The diet of L. is a crucial factor for managing its colonies particularly during dearth periods. Numerous diets have been developed; however, their global implementation faces challenges due to diverse climatic conditions and some other factors.

Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Browning in Callus through Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis.

is one of the camellia plants distributed in tropical regions, and its regeneration system and genetic transformation are affected by callus browning. However, the underlying mechanism of callus browning formation remains largely unknown. To investigate the metabolic basis and molecular mechanism of the callus browning of , histological staining, high-throughput metabolomics, and transcriptomic assays were performed on calli with different browning degrees (T1, T2, and T3).

Protective effects of arecanut seed phenols in retinoic acid induced osteoporosis and the potential mechanisms explored by network pharmacology.

Background: Arecanut seed is an important traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. It has been presented in a clinical formula to treat osteoporosis (OP) in China. Arecanut seed is abundant in phenols.

Exploring the density and morphology of coconut structures at two locations: a time-based analysis using computer tomography.

Background: The study aimed to observe the internal structure of coconuts from two locations (coastal and non-coastal) using computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Seventy-six mature coconuts were collected from Wenchang and Ding'an cities in Hainan Province. These coconuts were scanned four times using CT, with a two-week interval between each scan.

Synergistic effect of nano-potassium and chitosan as stimulants inducing growth and yield of bird of paradise ( L.) in newly lands.

The bird of paradise plant is a clumping tropical species native to South Africa. It is a dramatic plant with distinctive iridescent orange and midnight blue flowers that resemble an exotic bird peeking out from the broad leaves in autumn, winter and spring. An experiment was conducted during the two seasons of 2021 and 2022 at a private farm in Damanhour, Beheira Governorate, Egypt (31"°" 04 "°"N, 30"°" 47' °E) to study the effect different concentrations of nano-potassium and chitosan and their combinations on the bird of Paradise ().

Preliminary study on the association between lignan metabolites and CT non-destructive testing of coconut fruit at different developmental stages.

Lignans play a crucial role in maintaining plant growth, development, metabolism and stress resistance. Computed tomography (CT) imaging technology can be used to explore the internal structure and morphology of plants, and understanding the correlation between the two is highly significant. In this study, the content of lignan metabolites in coconut water was determined using liquid chromatography.

Whole-Genome Resequencing Identifies SNPs in Sucrose Synthase and Sugar Transporter Genes Associated with Sweetness in Coconut.

Coconut ( L.) is an important agricultural commodity with substantial economic and nutritional value, widely used for various products, including coconut water. The sweetness is an important quality trait of coconut water, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MYB Transcription Factor Family in Response to Various Abiotic Stresses in Coconut ( L.).

Abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, drought, and salinity significantly impact coconut production, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying coconut's response to these stresses are poorly understood. MYB proteins, a large and diverse family of transcription factors (TF), play crucial roles in plant responses to various abiotic stresses, but their genome-wide characterization and functional roles in coconut have not been comprehensively explored. This study identified 214 genes (39 1R-MYB, 171 R2R3-MYB, 2 3R-MYB, and 2 4R-MYB) in the coconut genome.

Multi-Gene Phylogenetic Analyses Reveals Gen. Nov. and New Contributions to Xylariaceae (Ascomycota) from China.

An in-depth study of the phylogenetic relationships of species associated with nutshells of fruits and seeds within the genus and related genera of Xylaceaecea was conducted in China. The multi-gene phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on ITS, RPB2, and TUB sequences of 100 species of 16 known genera in Xylariaceae around the world. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, morphological observations, and ecological habitats, a new genus, , is established to accommodate four new species, viz.

Revealing the aromatic sonata through terpenoid profiling and gene expression analysis of aromatic and non-aromatic coconut varieties.

Aromatic coconut represents an exceptional variety of coconut known for its distinct and delightful flavor and aroma, both of which are highly cherished by consumers. Despite its popularity, there has been a lack of systematic research on aroma components and the associated synthetic genes. In this report, we developed the metabolite profiles of terpenoids by targeted metabolomics and obtained the expression profile of genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis by RNA-seq during different coconut fruit developmental stages.

Revealing the key signals in nestling begging behavior perceived by parent birds during parent-offspring conflict.

The parent-offspring conflict in avian species encompasses resource allocation and a balance necessary for survival for both parties. Parental investment is modulated according to various factors, among which begging is important. Endogenous hormones, particularly corticosterone (CORT), play a role in modulating begging behavior.

Unveiling the Secrets of Oil Palm Genetics: A Look into Omics Research.

Oil palm is a versatile oil crop with numerous applications. Significant progress has been made in applying histological techniques in oil palm research in recent years. Whole genome sequencing of oil palm has been carried out to explain the function and structure of the order genome, facilitating the development of molecular markers and the construction of genetic maps, which are crucial for studying important traits and genetic resources in oil palm.

Effect of Dry Processing of Coconut Oil on the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Coconut Isolate Proteins.

The effects of the dry processing of coconut oil on the amino acid composition, molecular weight, secondary structure, solubility, surface hydrophobicity, microstructure, total sulfhydryl and free sulfhydryl content, free amino acid content, thermal properties, and water-holding, oil-holding, foaming, and emulsifying properties of coconut isolate protein were investigated. The results showed that the dry processing altered the amino acid composition of coconut isolate proteins as well as resulted in fewer irregular structural regions and more homogeneous particle sizes, leading to an improvement in the thermal stability of the proteins. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that globular proteins located at ~34 kDa in coconut isolate proteins underwent slight degradation during the dry processing of coconut oil.

Occurrence of Phytoplasmas Belonging to 16SrII Group Associated with Witches'-Broom Diseases in China.

Cyanthillium cinereum, which belongs to the family of Asteraceae, is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant with significant medicinal uses for treating colds and fever. During September to November of 2020, C. cinereum showing symptoms of witches'-broom were found in economic forests distributed in Ding'an, Hainan Province of China, with 20% incidence.

A novel Pik allele confers extended resistance to rice blast.

In the ongoing arms race between rice and Magnaporthe oryzae, the pathogen employs effectors to evade the immune response, while the host develops resistance genes to recognise these effectors and confer resistance. In this study, we identified a novel Pik allele, Pik-W25, from wild rice WR25 through bulked-segregant analysis, creating the Pik-W25 NIL (Near-isogenic Lines) named G9. Pik-W25 conferred resistance to isolates expressing AvrPik-C/D/E alleles.