Class II Transactivator Gene () Variants Associated with Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome II in a Female Sudanese Patient.

Introduction: Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are disorders that present a health issue, especially in developing countries where there is a high rate of consanguineous marriages and an increasing rate of diagnosis. One of these disorders is Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome II (BLS II) which is a rare and genetically complex disease that has high morbidity and mortality. The exact genotypic and phenotypic characteristics are still poorly characterized especially in developing countries.

The complexities of decision-making associated with on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is characterized by debilitating attacks of tissue swelling in various locations. While guidelines recommend the importance of early on-demand treatment, recent data indicate that many patients delay or do not treat their attacks.

Objective: This survey aimed to investigate patient behavior and evaluate the key factors that drive on-demand treatment decision-making, as reported by those living with HAE.

Rare Biallelic Variants Affecting the Interdomain B Region of Zeta-Chain Associated Protein Kinase 70 (ZAP70) Protein in a Sudanese Patient: Case Report.

Introduction: A class of disorders known as inborn errors of immunity (IEI) is defined by a compromised or missing immune response, which increases the vulnerability to infections, immunological dysregulation, and cancer. Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs), affecting both T and B-cell function are rare but often severe diseases. In this report, we describe a 10-month-old SCID patient from Sudan with disseminated BCG infection.

Disseminated tuberculosis complicating Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine as only presentation of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): A report of 3 cases.

Introduction: Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disease, usually manifest in the first six months of life with failure to thrive, oral thrush, recurrent respiratory infection, and chronic diarrhea.

Case Presentation: In three male patients, we describe an unusual presentation of SCID. They are an outcome of consanguineous marriage; all received the BCG vaccine at birth.

Diagnosis and selection of alternative antibiotics in beta-lactams hypersensitivity reactions: Current recommendations and challenges.

Beta-lactam (BLM) antibiotics, including amino-penicillin and cephalosporins, are typically the first-choice treatment for bacterial infections. However, adverse reactions to these antibiotics are frequently reported, causing non-allergist physicians to select alternative broad-spectrum antibiotics that can have harmful consequences. Patients with unclear histories of hypersensitivity reactions to BLMs should undergo an allergy workup to establish a firm diagnosis, particularly when different drugs are prescribed simultaneously.

Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Polymorphisms; a review study.

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a condition caused by increased bronchoconstriction in people with asthma after taking aspirin or another NSAID. Molecular analysis of the human genome has opened up new perspectives on human polymorphisms and disease. This study was conducted to identify the genetic factors that influence this disease due to its unknown genetic factors.

Al-hijamah (the triple S treatment of prophetic medicine) significantly increases CD4/CD8 ratio in thalassemic patients via increasing TAC/MDA ratio: a clinical trial.

Beta thalassemia is associated with decreased immunity possibly due to iron overload. Al-hijamah (Hijamah) is wet cupping therapy (WCT) of prophetic medicine. Prophet Muhammad Peace be upon him said: "The best among your treatments is Al-hijamah".

Vaccine mandates in the time of Omicron.

Nil.

Acute management of anaphylaxis in pregnancy.

Background: Anaphylaxis in pregnancy is rare but can potentially be associated with significant morbidity and mortality for the mother, fetus and neonate. With appropriate and timely management, even severe anaphylaxis can be managed with excellent maternal and fetal outcomes.

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an illustrative case and highlight current recommendations for diagnosis and management of acute maternal anaphylaxis, which have recently been reviewed and developed into a guideline by the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy.

Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in intractable epilepsy of children.

Objective: One-third of epilepsy of children is refractory, and this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in the treatment of refractory epilepsy of children.

Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, seizures frequency and side effects of 314 children aged 1-14 years with refractory epilepsy were referred to the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Shahid Sadoughi Medical Sciences University, Yazd, Iran, and treated with levetiracetam for six months, were evaluated.

Results: We evaluated 142 girls and 172 boys with a mean age of 6.

COVID-19 Infection - the Possibility to Involve Oxygen as Immunogen in the ARDS Determinism (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome).

Since its onset, the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has manifested multiple paradoxes related to both complications of the infection and treatment resistance. The experiences in therapy started from the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and anti-cytokine therapy (anti IL-6, anti-TNF-alpha and CCR5) up to experiments of immunomodulation with glucocorticoids and proposal of very powerful immunomodulatory drugs like cyclophosphamide in optimized diagrams in order to induce the depression of the immune hyperergic reaction with the maintenance of TH and TC lymphocyte resistance to keep the anti-viral activity in the absence of an etiological treatment. In this context, also the second major immunologic mechanism could function: the molecular mimicry - cross-reactivity between viral epitopes and various antigenic determinants from the body, other than the tissue structures of the respiratory system.

Digital health in the management of allergic diseases.

In recent years there has been an important implementation in the medical field of both Mobile Health, such as the use of mobile communication devices, and of other telemedicine tools in general, with the aim of supporting the supervision of diseases from the moment of the first diagnosis to the therapeutic follow-up. In fact, Digital Health can also have a very positive impact on the management of allergic patients, who are known to have the greatest need for regular monitoring, simplifying contact between doctor and patient, but there is still a need to improve implementation regulations, define certification programs and adequate reimbursement systems, as well as to guarantee a high level of attention to the protection of sensitive data. The hope is that one positive outcome of the Covid-19 pandemic will be an acceleration, by all stakeholders involved, of the process of the modernization of health care.

Does application of complexity theory simplify concepts of psychiatry: Analogies and insights.

Scientific curiosity has not been able to explain the cause of psychiatric illness based on primarily biological or social paradigm. Available literatures were explored to understand causality of psychiatric illness from perspective of physics. Theory of complexity and other relevant theories were extrapolated to address these questions.

Promising preventive and therapeutic effects of TaibUVID nutritional supplements for COVID-19 pandemic: towards better public prophylaxis and treatment (A retrospective study).

Adjuvant nutritional treatment is a commonly overlooked topic when treating lethal viral diseases as COVID-19 pandemic. We recently introduced TaibUVID nutritional supplements (nigella sativa, chamomile and natural honey) as adjuvants for COVID-19 contacts, patients and public prophylaxis. TaibUVID Forte adds costus, senna and fennel to TaibUVID.

Tolerability to paracetamol and preferential COX-2 inhibitors in patients with cross-reactive nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hypersensitivity.

Background: Acetylsalicylic acid/aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used drugs that may cause hypersensitivity reactions in a substantial proportion of patients. Physicians ought to be aware of these situations.

Objective: We aimed to present the clinical characteristics and rates of tolerability to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor analgesics in patients who had admitted due to multiple cross-reactive type of NSAID hypersensitivity.

Satisfactory immune response following anaphylaxis to PCECV facilitated by the use of steroids and antihistamines.

Introduction: Rabies is fatal and can cause almost certain mortality in animals and humans. Effective post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using the rabies vaccine remains the cornerstone for preventing disease in humans. We present the first reported case of supporting the live purified-chick-embryo-cell rabies vaccine(PCECV) administration with prophylactic high-dose corticosteroids.

Paracetamol allergy in clinical practice.

Background: Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic to which hypersensitivity reactions are rare. Reactions to paracetamol may be due to the pharmacological effects of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition or, more rarely, due to a selective allergy against paracetamol.

Objective: This article aims to review the current literature in the context of two cases seen in the authors' allergy practice.

Accuracy of immunoblotting assay for detection of specific IgE compared with ImmunoCAP in allergic patients.

Background And Aim: Standardized techniques help us to better diagnosis and follow up of allergic diseases. In this study, we determined the sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of an Immunoblotting test compared to ImmunoCAP as the reference in vitro test for detection of specific IgE in allergic patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, specific IgE level was determined in patients with allergic symptoms who referred to the Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran, Iran from 2010-2016, by two techniques.

Team-based learning (TBL) in the medical curriculum: better than PBL?

Background: Internationally, medical schools have long used a variety of approaches to develop hybrid Problem based learning (PBL) curricula. However, Team-based learning (TBL), has gained recent popularity in medical education. TBL maintains the advantages of small group teaching and learning, but in contrast to Problem-based learning (PBL), does not require large numbers of tutors.

Atypical desquamation in a 2.5-year-old boy with Kawasaki disease: A case report.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a vasculitis that mostly affects children under 5 years of age. This article presents a 2.5-year-old boy who presented with 6 days of fever, generalized maculopapular rash, bilateral non-exudative conjunctivitis, cracked lips, right cervical lymphadenopathy, erythematous extremities, and perianal desquamation.