776 results match your criteria: "centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon[Affiliation]"

Serotonin.

Curr Biol

December 2023

Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address:

Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT, is a neuromodulator widely recognized for its role in various psychoactive drugs. These drugs can exhibit antidepressant, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, empathogenic, or psychedelic effects, depending on their specific interactions with the serotonin system as well as other neuromodulators such as noradrenaline, dopamine, and oxytocin. This has led to a widespread belief that the neurochemical processes taking place deep inside our brains affect our subjective experiences and mental health.

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, a plea for a thorough investigation of its oncogenic potential.

Heliyon

November 2023

Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France.

It is estimated that 30 % of the world's population harbours the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, particularly in the brain. Beyond its implication in potentially severe opportunistic or congenital infections, this persistence has long been considered as without consequence. However, certain data in animals and humans suggest that this carriage may be linked to various neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders.

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Parkinsonian rest tremor can be distinguished from voluntary hand movements based on subthalamic and cortical activity.

Clin Neurophysiol

January 2024

Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address:

Objective: To distinguish Parkinsonian rest tremor and different voluntary hand movements by analyzing brain activity.

Methods: We re-analyzed magnetoencephalography and local field potential recordings from the subthalamic nucleus of six patients with Parkinson's disease. Data were obtained after withdrawal from dopaminergic medication (Med Off) and after administration of levodopa (Med On).

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Background: Schizophrenia has high socioeconomic impact among severe psychiatric disorders.

Aims: To explore clinician-reported and patient-reported inequities between patients under the poverty threshold vs. the others.

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The objective of this study was to examine, for the first time, the neuropsychological aspects of work addiction, with a specific emphasis on the cognitive factors identified by theoretical models. While previous research has highlighted self-reported obsessiveness and impulsiveness in work addiction, this study sought to go beyond self-report measures by employing also neuropsychological reaction time tasks to assess executive functions. A total of 101 participants were categorized into two groups based on their Work Addiction Risk Test scores: a high-risk group (HWA; n = 39) and a low-risk group (LWA; n = 62) for work addiction.

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Can cognitive neuroscience solve the lab-dilemma by going wild?

Neurosci Biobehav Rev

December 2023

CEA DRF/Joliot, NeuroSpin, INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Reproducibility, measurability, and refutability are the foundation of the scientific method applied to empirical work. In the study of animal and human behavior, experimental protocols conducted in the lab are the most reliable means by which scientists can operationalize behaviors using controlled and parameterized setups. However, whether observations in the lab fully generalize in the real world remain legitimately disputed.

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In recent years, several studies have shown a respiratory drive of the local field potential (LFP) in numerous brain areas so that the respiratory rhythm could be considered as a master clock promoting communication between distant brain locations. However, outside of the olfactory system, it remains unknown whether the respiratory rhythm could shape membrane potential (MP) oscillations. To fill this gap, we co-recorded MP and LFP activities in different nonolfactory brain areas, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), primary visual cortex (V1), and hippocampus (HPC), in urethane-anesthetized rats.

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High-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have opened new possibilities for systems neuroscience in human and non-human animals, but brain tissue motion relative to the array poses a challenge for downstream analyses, particularly in human recordings. We introduce DREDge (Decentralized Registration of Electrophysiology Data), a robust algorithm which is well suited for the registration of noisy, nonstationary extracellular electrophysiology recordings. In addition to estimating motion from spikes in the action potential (AP) frequency band, DREDge enables automated tracking of motion at high temporal resolution in the local field potential (LFP) frequency band.

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Schizophrenia is characterized by the most salient medication adherence problems among severe mental disorders, but limited prospective data are available to predict and improve adherence in this population. This investigation aims to identify predictors of medication adherence over a 1-year period in a large national cohort using clustering analysis. Outpatients were recruited from ten Schizophrenia Expert Centers and were evaluated with a day-long standardized battery including clinician and patient-rated medication adherence measures.

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Magnetoencephalography based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) has been shown to improve the diagnosis and surgical treatment decision for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. Still, its use remains limited because of several constraints such as cost, fixed helmet size, and the obligation of immobility. A new generation of sensors, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), could overcome these limitations.

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Rationale: Sleep disturbances (insomnia and nightmare symptoms) are the most sensitive and persistent symptoms of pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Untreated, these sleep disturbances (SD) associated with PTSD are predictive of PTSD persistence and increased psychiatric complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep and circadian rhythms in children with PTSD under both laboratory and ecological conditions in comparison with a control population and to test for the first time the hypothesis that SD and circadian rhythms are positively correlated with PTSD severity and its comorbidities.

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Article Synopsis
  • Electroencephalographic sleep transitions in children with narcolepsy-cataplexy show similar characteristics to those observed in adults, indicating potential biomarkers for diagnosis.
  • The study found that children with narcolepsy experienced significantly higher overnight transition rates and altered REM sleep transitions, which correlated with lower sleep-dependent memory consolidation scores.
  • Further research is necessary to validate these findings and explore biomarkers across a larger sample, including various types of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders.
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Predictive processes and numerous cognitive, motor, and social skills depend heavily on sequence learning. The visuomotor Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) can measure this fundamental cognitive process. To comprehend the neural underpinnings of the SRTT, non-invasive brain stimulation stands out as one of the most effective methodologies.

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Article Synopsis
  • Love significantly influences personal relationships, making it essential to have an accurate way to measure love experiences.
  • The original tool for measuring love, Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), assesses intimacy, passion, and commitment, but many studies use shorter versions.
  • Researchers created the TLS-15, a validated, reliable short version of the scale, which proved effective across various cultures and offers a consistent measure of love’s components globally.
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Attention selects behaviorally relevant inputs for in-depth processing. Beside the role of traditional signals related to goal-directed and stimulus-driven control, a debate exists regarding the mechanisms governing the effect of statistical regularities on attentional selection, and how these are integrated with other control signals. Using a visuo-spatial search task under fMRI, we tested the joint effects of statistical regularities and stimulus-driven salience.

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Depressive disorders represent the largest proportion of mental illnesses, and by 2030, they are expected to be the first cause of disability-adjusted life years [1]. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated prevalence and burden of depression and increased the occurrence of depressive symptoms in general population [2]. The urgency of implementing mental health services to address new barriers to care persuaded clinicians to use telemedicine to follow patients and stay in touch with them, and to explore digital therapeutics (DTx) as potential tools for clinical intervention [2].

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Article Synopsis
  • Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) present challenges in diagnosing rare diseases, and episignatures have emerged as potential biomarkers to help classify these variants.
  • A study analyzed DNA methylation data from different groups, including carriers of pathogenic variants and healthy controls, using a k-nearest-neighbour classifier to assess the predictive abilities of various episignatures.
  • Results revealed that while some signatures (ATRX, DNMT3A, KMT2D, NSD1) achieved 100% sensitivity, others (CREBBP-RSTS, CHD8) showed lower performance, indicating that not all episignatures are equally reliable for diagnostic use and highlighting the need for further validation with larger sample sizes.
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Some dyslexics cannot process multiple letters simultaneously. It has been argued that this reduced visuo-attentional (VA) letter span could result from poor reading ability and experience. Here, moving away from reading context, we showed that dyslexic group exhibited slower visual search than normal readers group for "symbols", defined as graphic stimuli made up of separable visual features, but not for filled objects.

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Comparison of 2 Methods for Estimating Multiple Sclerosis-Related Mortality.

Neurology

December 2023

From the Université de Lyon (F.R., S.V.), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuroinflammation (F.R., S.V.), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (F.R., S.V.), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR 5292; EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis (F.R., S.V.), State-Approved Foundation, Bron; Direction des Maladies non Transmissible et des Traumatismes (Z.U.), Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice; Service de Biostatistique-Bioinformatique (Z.U., E.D., M.F., L.R.), Pôle Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 (E.D., M.F., L.R.), Université Lyon 1 and CNRS, Villeurbanne; Service de Neurologie (M.D.), Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, EA 4360 APEMAC, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy; Neurology Department (E.L.P.), CRCSEP Rennes, Clinical Investigation Centre CIC-P 1414, Rennes University Hospital; Service de Neurologie (J.C.), CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CRC-SEP; Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity) (J.C.), INSERM UMR 1291, CNRS UMR 5051, Université Toulouse III; Service de Neurologie (A.R.), CRC SEP, CHU de Bordeaux; U1215 INSERM (A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie et Centre d'Investigation Clinique (J.D.S.), CHU de Strasbourg, INSERM 1434; Pôle des Neurosciences et de l'Appareil Locomoteur (H.Z.), CRC-SEP, Hôpital Roger Salengro, Université de Lille, Inserm U1172; CRC SEP (P.L.), Service de Neurologie, CHU de Montpellier; Service de Neurologie (G.D.), CRC-SEP Normandie, CHU de Caen, Université Normandie; Service de Neurologie (C.L.-F.), Neurologie Pasteur 2, CHU de Nice, Université Nice Cote d'Azur UR2CA-URRIS; Service de Neurologie (T.M.), CHU de Dijon; Service de Neurologie (D.A.L.), CHU Nantes; INSERM (D.A.L.), CIC 0004, CRTI-INSERM UMR U1064, Nantes; Service de Neurologie (E.B.), CHU de Besançon; Service de Neurologie (P.C.), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM 1107 NeuroDol, Clermont-Ferrand; Aix Marseille University (J.P.), APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, CEMEREM; Service de Neurologie (E.T.), CHU de Nîmes; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (E.T.), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM; Service de Neurologie (O.H.), CH de Poissy; Service de Neurologie (J.-P.C.), Hôpital Nord, CHU Saint-Étienne; and Univ Rennes (E.L.), EHESP, CNRS, Inserm, ARENES UMR 6051, RSMS U 1309, France.

Article Synopsis
  • This study compares two methods for estimating death probabilities in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients: the Cause-Specific Framework (CSF) which requires known causes of death, and the Excess Mortality Framework (EMF) which does not.
  • Using data from a large MS registry and a subset with detailed death records, the researchers found that EMF generally estimated higher death probabilities than CSF across different age groups.
  • Overall, the analysis revealed varying mortality probabilities for MS patients based on the initial disease type, sex, and age; with significant differences particularly noted between relapsing-onset MS and primary progressive patients over a 30-year follow-up.
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Cognitive development is often thought to depend on qualitative changes in problem-solving strategies, with early developing algorithmic procedures (e.g., counting when adding numbers) considered being replaced by retrieval of associations (e.

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Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation has been widely employed to investigate the influence of cortical structures on the primary motor cortex. Here, we leveraged this technique to probe the causal influence of two key areas of the medial frontal cortex, namely the supplementary motor area and the medial orbitofrontal cortex, on primary motor cortex. We show that supplementary motor area stimulation facilitates primary motor cortex activity across short (6 and 8 ms) and long (12 ms) inter-stimulation intervals, putatively recruiting cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortico-cortical circuits, respectively.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This study investigated trigger points (TPs) in twelve military police working dogs, focusing on their locations and prevalence after intense physical activity, using standardized palpation techniques by independent examiners.
  • - The highest percentage of TPs was found in the lumbar muscles (42%), with a significant number also in the hind limb muscles, predominantly on the right side of the body.
  • - The results aim to improve understanding of myofascial pain in working dogs, potentially leading to better pain management strategies and reducing premature retirements caused by musculoskeletal issues.
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PHGDH-related microcephalic dwarfism in two fetuses: Expanding the phenotypical spectrum of L-serine biosynthesis defect.

Eur J Med Genet

November 2023

Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Centre Labélisé Anomalies du Développement CLAD Sud-Est, Lyon, France; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, équipe GENDEV, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292 UCBL1, Lyon, France. Electronic address:

Defects in L-serine biosynthesis are a group of autosomal recessive diseases resulting in a wide phenotypic spectrum ranging from viable to lethal presentations and caused by variants in the three genes encoding the L-serine biosynthesis enzymes, PHGDH, PSAT1, and PSPH. Neu-Laxova syndrome (NLS) is the fetal form of this group, characterized by multiple congenital anomalies including severe intrauterine growth retardation, cutaneous lesions extending from ichthyosis to severe restrictive dermopathy with ectropion and eclabion, edema, microcephaly, central nervous system abnormalities, and flexion contractures. Here we report on two unrelated fetuses with an attenuated phenotype of NLS, that initially evoked Taybi-Linder syndrome.

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Article Synopsis
  • Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a genetic disorder marked by short stature, brachydactyly, joint limitations, and specific eye abnormalities like spherophakia and ectopia lentis. Cardiovascular issues can also occur. It has both dominant and recessive genetic forms caused by mutations in different genes.
  • A study involved 61 patients, including 18 from new research and 43 from existing literature, assessing the correlation between their genetic variations and clinical features. It was found that the majority exhibited eye anomalies and a significant portion had short stature and valvulopathy.
  • The research indicates that while eye abnormalities are crucial for diagnosing WMS, its overall symptoms appear more
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