Neighborhood context and transitions in marijuana use among urban young adults.

Background: In emerging adulthood when many youth are maturing out of marijuana use, Blacks continue to have high rates of use and disorder. Theory suggests that factors tied to neighborhood disadvantage may partially explain this phenomenon but research is limited.

Objectives: This study examines the influence of neighborhood physical and social disorder on transitions in marijuana use during emerging adulthood in a low-income urban sample.

The Ethics of Smart Pills and Self-Acting Devices: Autonomy, Truth-Telling, and Trust at the Dawn of Digital Medicine.

Digital medicine is a medical treatment that combines technology with drug delivery. The promises of this combination are continuous and remote monitoring, better disease management, self-tracking, self-management of diseases, and improved treatment adherence. These devices pose ethical challenges for patients, providers, and the social practice of medicine.

Effect of hypobaria and hyperoxia during sepsis on survival and energy metabolism.

Background: Injured warfighters air evacuated to tertiary medical care facilities are subjected to many stresses that may promote the development of sepsis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to "in-flight" hypobaria and/or hyperoxia within 24 hours after onset of intra-abdominal infection in rats accelerates the development and/or severity of sepsis and neurologic injury in survivors.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cecal ligation/puncture (CLP) or sham procedures.

A multifaceted approach to RSV vaccination.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, RSV infections occur throughout different ages, thus, maintaining the virus in circulation, and increasing health risk to more susceptible populations such as infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. To date, there is no vaccine approved to prevent RSV infection or minimize symptoms of infection.

Shaping Core Health Messages: Rural, Low-Income Mothers Speak Through Participatory Action Research.

Rural, low-income families are disproportionately impacted by health problems owing to structural barriers (e.g., transportation, health insurance coverage) and personal barriers (e.

Distress Tolerance Interacts With Negative Life Events to Predict Depressive Symptoms Across Adolescence.

Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of depressive disorders. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of distress tolerance in the onset and maintenance of depression during adulthood; however, little is known about its role in predicting depressive symptoms among adolescents. The current study examines the effect of distress tolerance and co-occurring negative life events on the developmental trajectory of depressive symptoms from middle to late adolescence.

Teaching to varied disciplines and educational levels simultaneously: An innovative approach in a neonatal follow-up clinic.

Purpose: Across various health conditions and geographic regions, there remains a dearth of clinicians with the expertise and confidence to identify and manage children with disabilities. At the front line of this crisis are clinician-educators, who are tasked with caring for these unique patients and with training the future workforce. Balancing patient care and clinical instruction responsibilities is particularly challenging when trainees of varied educational levels and specialties report simultaneously.

Associations Among Psychologically Controlling Parenting, Autonomy, Relatedness, and Problem Behaviors During Emerging Adulthood.

The present study aimed to investigate the relations among perceived parental psychological control (PPC), autonomy and relatedness, and negative outcomes during emerging adulthood in two cultural contexts: Italy and the USA. More specifically, we explored the mechanisms through which dependency-oriented PPC (DPPC) and achievement-oriented PPC (APPC) are associated with both internalizing and externalizing difficulties, focusing on the mediating role of autonomy and relatedness. Participants were 418 European-American and 359 Italian college students.

Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Black American Men: Moderated-Mediation Effects of Ethnicity and Self-Esteem.

Discrimination is related to depression and poor self-esteem among Black men. Poorer self-esteem is also associated with depression. However, there is limited research identifying how self-esteem may mediate the associations between discrimination and depressive symptoms for disparate ethnic groups of Black men.

U.S. Minority Homeless Youth's Access to and Use of Mobile Phones: Implications for mHealth Intervention Design.

Few interventions for homeless youth have leveraged the potential of mHealth technologies, in part because of the limited data on phone behaviors, perceptions, and intervention preferences among youth experiencing homelessness. We conducted 9 focus groups (n = 52 homeless youth) and 41 individual structured interviews also with homeless youth in underserved communities in Baltimore and Washington, DC, to ascertain how youth perceived their mobile phone, acquired and maintained mobile services over time, and thought mHealth programs for this population should be designed. We also measured phone use, functionality, source, duration of ownership, and reasons for changing phones or numbers.

Somali Refugees' Perceptions of Mental Illness.

Nearly 13% of the U.S. population is comprised of foreign-born individuals, with Somalis constituting one of the largest resettled groups.

Vision-based body tracking: turning Kinect into a clinical tool.

Purpose: Vision-based body tracking technologies, originally developed for the consumer gaming market, are being repurposed to form the core of a range of innovative healthcare applications in the clinical assessment and rehabilitation of movement ability. Vision-based body tracking has substantial potential, but there are technical limitations.

Method: We use our "stories from the field" to articulate the challenges and offer examples of how these can be overcome.

Latent Classes Among Recipients of a Brief Alcohol Intervention: A Replication Analysis.

The purpose of this study was to identify differential improvement in alcohol use among injured patients following brief intervention. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patient profiles based on alcohol-related risk from two clinical trials (Texas: N = 737; Maryland: N = 250) conducted in Level-1 trauma centers. Drinking was analyzed to detect improvements at 6 and 12 months.

Spatial Dependence and Heterogeneity in Bayesian Factor Analysis: A Cross-National Investigation of Schwartz Values.

In this article, we present a Bayesian spatial factor analysis model. We extend previous work on confirmatory factor analysis by including geographically distributed latent variables and accounting for heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation. The simulation study shows excellent recovery of the model parameters and demonstrates the consequences of ignoring spatial dependence.

A Note on Confidence Intervals for Two-Group Latent Mean Effect Size Measures.

This note suggests delta method implementations for deriving confidence intervals for a latent mean effect size measure for the case of 2 independent populations. A hypothetical kindergarten reading example using these implementations is provided, as is supporting LISREL syntax.

Estimating Full IM240 Emissions from Partial Test Results: Evidence from Arizona.

The expense and inconvenience of enhanced-vehicle-emissions testing using the full 240-second dynamometer test has led states to search for ways to shorten the test process. In fact, all states that currently use the IM240 allow some type of fast-pass, usually as early in the test as second 31, and Arizona has allowed vehicles to fast-fail after second 93. While these shorter tests save states millions of dollars in inspection lanes and driver costs, there is a loss of information since test results are no longer comparable across vehicles.

Particle Concentrations Inside a Tavern Before and After Prohibition of Smoking: Evaluating the Performance of an Indoor Air Quality Model.

Measurements were made of respirable suspended particles (RSP) in a large sports tavern on 26 dates over approximately two years in which smoking was allowed, followed by measurements on 50 dates during the year after smoking was prohibited. The smoking prohibition occurred without warning when the city government passed a regulation restricting smoking in local restaurants and taverns. Two follow-up field surveys, consisting of 24 and 26 visits, respectively, were conducted to measure changes in RSP levels after smoking was prohibited.