Circulating monocytes upregulate CD52 and sustain innate immune function in cirrhosis unless acute decompensation emerges.

Background & Aims: Infectious complications determine the prognosis of cirrhosis patients. Their infection susceptibility relates to the development of immuneparesis, a complex interplay of different immunosuppressive cells and soluble factors. Mechanisms underlying the dynamics of immuneparesis of innate immunity remain inconclusive.

Long-term outcome and risk stratification in compensated advanced chronic liver disease after HCV-cure.

Background And Aims: Around 750,000 patients per year will be cured of HCV infection until 2030. Those with compensated advanced chronic liver disease remain at risk for hepatic decompensation and de novo HCC. Algorithms have been developed to stratify risk early after cure; however, data on long-term outcomes and the prognostic utility of these risk stratification algorithms at later time points are lacking.

Characterization of Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome in a Mouse Model Using [18F]F- Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography.

Ionizing radiation on the skin has the potential to cause various sequelae affecting quality of life and even leading to death due to multi-system failure. The development of radiation dermatitis is attributed to oxidative damage to the skin's basal layer and alterations in immune response, leading to inflammation. Past studies have shown that [18F]F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([18F]F-FDG PET/CT) can be used effectively for the detection of inflammatory activity, especially in conditions like hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, and early atherosclerosis.

colonization is not mediated by bile salts and utilizes Stickland fermentation of proline in an model.

Treatment with antibiotics is a major risk factor for infection, likely due to depletion of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Two microbiota-mediated mechanisms thought to limit colonization include the conversion of conjugated primary bile salts into secondary bile salts toxic to growth and competition between the microbiota and for limiting nutrients. Using a continuous flow model that simulates the nutrient conditions of the distal colon, we investigated how treatment with 6 clinically used antibiotics influenced susceptibility to infection in 12 different microbial communities cultivated from healthy individuals.

Association between the gene polymorphism-determined earwax properties and external auditory canal microbiota in healthy adults.

Unlabelled: The concept of genome-microbiome interactions, in which the microenvironment determined by host genetic polymorphisms regulates the local microbiota, is important in the pathogenesis of human disease. In otolaryngology, the resident bacterial microbiota is reportedly altered in non-infectious ear diseases, such as otitis media pearls and exudative otitis media. We hypothesized that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 11 () gene, which determines earwax properties, regulates the ear canal microbiota.

Role of procalcitonin, C reactive protein and ferritin in cytokine release syndrome after CAR T-cell therapy in children and young adults.

PurposeChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell CD19 therapy has changed the treatment paradigm for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is frequently associated with potentially severe toxicities: cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), and admission to PICU is often required. Some biomarkers seem to correlate with CRS severity.

The iMab antibody selectively binds to intramolecular and intermolecular i-motif structures.

i-Motifs (iMs) are quadruplex nucleic acid conformations that form in cytosine-rich regions. Because of their acidic pH dependence, iMs were thought to form only in vitro. The recent development of an iM-selective antibody, iMab, has allowed iM detection in cells, which revealed their presence at gene promoters and their cell cycle dependence.

Synergistic and off-target effects of bacteriocins in a simplified human intestinal microbiome: implications for infection control.

is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. As current antibiotic treatment failures and recurrence of infections are highly frequent, alternative strategies are needed for the treatment of this disease. This study explores the use of bacteriocins, specifically lacticin 3147 and pediocin PA-1, which have reported inhibitory activity against .

Endothelial STING-JAK1 interaction promotes tumor vasculature normalization and antitumor immunity.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists have been developed and tested in clinical trials for their antitumor activity. However, the specific cell population(s) responsible for such STING activation-induced antitumor immunity have not been completely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that endothelial STING expression was critical for STING agonist-induced antitumor activity.

Micronutrient status and risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Indonesian tuberculosis case contacts.

Background: Certain micronutrient levels have been associated with the risk of developing TB disease. We explored the possible association of selected at-risk micronutrient levels with the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection.

Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Association between dietary factors and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied extensively. However, identification of deleterious dietary patterns merits further study.

Aim: To investigate the risk of developing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) according to the inflammatory score of the diet (ISD) in the multinational European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Development of a nomogram for overall survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma: A prospective cohort study in China.

Background: Esophageal carcinoma (EC) presents a significant public health issue in China, with its prognosis impacted by myriad factors. The creation of a reliable prognostic model for the overall survival (OS) of EC patients promises to greatly advance the customization of treatment approaches.

Aim: To create a more systematic and practical model that incorporates clinically significant indicators to support decision-making in clinical settings.

A novel prediction model for survival in individual patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator: Analysis of the new Japan cardiac device treatment registry database.

Background: Accurate prediction for survival in individualized patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy with a defibrillator (CRT-D) is difficult.

Methods: We analyzed the New Japan cardiac device treatment registry (JCDTR) database to develop a survival prediction model for CRT-D recipients.

Results: Four hundred and eighty-two CRT-D recipients, at the implantation year 2018-2021, with a QRS width ≥120 ms and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% at baseline, were analyzed.

Lipopolysaccharide-Neutralizing Peptide Modulates P2X7 Receptor-Mediated Interleukin-1β Release.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neutralizing peptides are emerging as new potential therapeutic modalities to treat sepsis and skin infections. Purinergic ligand-gated ion channels (P2X receptors) play a critical role in various biological processes, including inflammation. Recent drug development efforts have significantly focused on the modulation of P2X receptors.

Use of ceramic synthetic allografts in spine surgery: a narrative review with early basic science and clinic data of novel nanosynthetic bone graft.

Background And Objective: As the global population ages, degenerative spinal disorders are on the rise, leading to an increased focus on optimizing spinal fusion therapies. Despite the high success rate of iliac crest bone autografts, their usage is hampered by donor site morbidity and limited supply. The objective of this review is to assess the viability of ceramic-based synthetic materials as alternatives in spinal fusion surgeries.

A novel ROR1-targeting antibody-PROTAC conjugate promotes BRD4 degradation for solid tumor treatment.

Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional compounds that have been extensively studied for their role in targeted protein degradation (TPD). The capacity to degrade validated or undruggable targets provides PROTACs with significant potency in cancer therapy. However, the clinical application of PROTACs is limited by their poor potency and unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties.

Cardiomyocyte S1PR1 promotes cardiac regeneration via AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway.

Lower vertebrates and some neonatal mammals are known to possess the ability to regenerate cardiomyocyte and fully recover after heart injuries within a limited period. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of heart regeneration and exploring new ways to enhance cardiac regeneration hold significant promise for therapeutic intervention of heart failure. Sphingosine 1-phospahte receptor 1 (S1PR1) is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes and plays a crucial role in heart development and pathological cardiac remodeling.

Effects of melatonin on the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling genes in hypoxic Leydig cells.

Leydig cells play a crucial role in male reproductive physiology, and their dysfunction is often associated with male infertility. Hypoxia negatively affects the structure and function of Leydig cells. This study aimed to investigate the impact of melatonin on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Jnk), P38, and extra-cellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in TM3 mouse Leydig cells under hypoxia induced by cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl).

Construction of a prognostic survival model with tumor immune-related genes for breast cancer.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that immune cell infiltration is a significant predictor in the prognosis of those with breast cancer. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for undifferentiated breast cancer using immune-related markers.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and prognostic factors were identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Phytosomes Loaded with Mastoparan-M Represent a Novel Strategy for Breast Cancer Treatment.

Purpose: Mastoparan-M (Mast-M) has cytotoxic effects on various tumor cells in vitro, including liver cancer and colorectal cancer. However, the anti-tumor mechanism of Mast-M remains unclear and its potential for anti-tumor therapy has not been investigated. Herein, we aimed to develop a novel phytosome formulation loaded with Mast-M and evaluate its efficacy against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo.

Shikonin inhibits the growth of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells by promoting ferroptosis and inhibiting glycolysis.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is one of the highly fatal cancers and poses a serious threat to human health. Ferroptosis has been widely studied and proved to have an important role in tumor suppression, providing new avenues for cancer therapy; glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase(TXNRD1) are important regulatory targets in ferroptosis.Warburg effect is one of the important energy sources for cancer hypermetabolism, and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme 2 (PKM2) is a key metabolism enzyme that is important in this effect.

A retrospective review of the common childhood illnesses and the indications for antibiotic prescription at community hospital in Malawi.

Background: Childhood remains a vulnerable period and a key determiner for adult health. Various illnesses experienced by children in their early years determine future performance and contribution to society. Acute and chronic infectious diseases, undernutrition, and early childhood non-communicable diseases have greatly been linked to intellectual disability, poor childhood development, increased morbidity, and household and healthcare economic costs.

Lipid-mediated resolution of inflammation and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Neuroinflammation impacts on the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Specialized pro-resolving mediators trigger the resolution of inflammation. We investigate the specialized pro-resolving mediator blood profile and their receptors' expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in relation to survival in ALS.

Brain aging rejuvenation factors in adults with genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disease.

The largest risk factor for dementia is age. Heterochronic blood exchange studies have uncovered age-related blood factors that demonstrate 'pro-aging' or 'pro-youthful' effects on the mouse brain. The clinical relevance and combined effects of these factors for humans is unclear.