Attention, Externalizing, and Internalizing Problems of Youth Exposed to Parental Incarceration.

Few studies have examined the effects of parental incarceration (PI) on outcomes above and beyond other risk and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The objectives of this study were to (1) the associations between PI and mental health problems ( and (2) the mediating role of current socioeconomic status and cumulative ACEs. An observational and cross-sectional design was employed.

Effects of Generalization of Engagement in Parkour from Physical Education to Recess on Physical Activity.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of generalization of engagement in parkour from physical education (PE) to organized and supervised recess on voluntary participation and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Method: Children received a 6-day parkour unit in PE and every two lessons they could voluntarily participate in 20-min parkour recess. Fourteen elementary school classes constituting 281 children (8-10 years old) and 16 PE teachers were randomized to either three supervised or three organized parkour recess sessions.

Ocular Exposures Reported to United States Poison Control Centers.

Purpose: To investigate the epidemiology of ocular exposures reported to poison control centers in the United States.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of ocular exposures from 2000 to 2016 was conducted using National Poison Data System data.

Results: United States poison control centers received 1,436,683 reports of ocular exposures during 2000-2016, averaging 7,043 exposures per month.

SKIPing With Head Start Teachers: Influence of T-SKIP on Object-Control Skills.

Purpose: Children from disadvantaged settings are at risk for delays in their object-control (OC) skills. Fundamental motor skill interventions, such as the Successful Kinesthetic Instruction for Preschoolers (SKIP) Program, are highly successful when led by motor development experts. However, few preschools employ such experts.

Stress, coping, executive function, and brain activation in adolescent offspring of depressed and nondepressed mothers.

This study examined the associations among chronic stress, activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), executive function, and coping with stress in at-risk and a comparison sample of adolescents. Adolescents (N = 16; age 12-15) of mothers with (n = 8) and without (n = 8) a history of depression completed questionnaires, neurocognitive testing, and functional neuroimaging in response to a working memory task (N-back). Children of depressed mothers demonstrated less activation in the anterior PFC (APFC) and both greater and less activation than controls in distinct areas within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in response to the N-back task.

Opportunities for crash and injury reduction: A multiharm approach for crash data analysis.

Objective: A multiharm approach for analyzing crash and injury data was developed for the ultimate purpose of getting a richer picture of motor vehicle crash outcomes for identifying research opportunities in crash safety.

Methods: Methods were illustrated using a retrospective analysis of 69,597 occupant cases from NASS CDS from 2005 to 2015. Occupant cases were analyzed by frequency and severity of outcome: fatality, injury by Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), number of cases, attributable fatality, disability, and injury costs.

Statewide opioid prescriptions and the prevalence of adolescent opioid misuse in Ohio.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between opioid prescribing practices and the prevalence of adolescent opioid misuse.

Objective: To examine the relationships between both opioid prescriptions filled by adolescents and adults and adolescents seeking treatment for opioid misuse in Ohio.

Methods: Analyses of large statewide databases from 2008 to 2012, including all 88 counties in Ohio.

An evaluation of the effect of Ohio's graduated driver licensing law on motor vehicle crashes and crash outcomes involving drivers 16 to 20 years of age.

Objective: Nationally, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among youth ages 16 to 20 years. Graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws have been implemented to reduce motor vehicle crashes among teen drivers. Studies have shown decreases in teen crash rates and crash-related fatality rates following enactment of GDL laws.

Influenza A Viruses from Overwintering and Spring-Migrating Waterfowl in the Lake Erie Basin, United States.

Influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance in migratory waterfowl in the United States has primarily occurred during late summer and the autumn southern migration. Data concerning the presence and ecology of IAVs in waterfowl during winter and spring seasons in the U.S.

Hospital resource use of patients receiving isavuconazole vs voriconazole for invasive mold infections in the phase III SECURE trial.

Objective: In the phase III SECURE trial, isavuconazole was non-inferior to voriconazole for all-cause mortality for the primary treatment of invasive mold disease (IMD) caused by Aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi. This analysis assessed whether hospital resource utilization was different between patients treated with isavuconazole vs voriconazole in SECURE.

Ordinary Least Squares Estimation of Parameters in Exploratory Factor Analysis With Ordinal Data.

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is often conducted with ordinal data (e.g., items with 5-point responses) in the social and behavioral sciences.

Bootstrap Standard Error Estimates in Dynamic Factor Analysis.

Dynamic factor analysis summarizes changes in scores on a battery of manifest variables over repeated measurements in terms of a time series in a substantially smaller number of latent factors. Algebraic formulae for standard errors of parameter estimates are more difficult to obtain than in the usual intersubject factor analysis because of the interdependence of successive observations. Bootstrap methods can fill this need, however.

Structural Equation Modeling of Multivariate Time Series.

The covariance structure of a vector autoregressive process with moving average residuals (VARMA) is derived. It differs from other available expressions for the covariance function of a stationary VARMA process and is compatible with current structural equation methodology. Structural equation modeling programs, such as LISREL, may therefore be employed to fit the model.