Benzo(a)pyrene and Gut Microbiome Crosstalk: Health Risk Implications.

This review delves into the impact of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), which is a toxic and pervasive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and known carcinogen, on the human health risk from a gut microbiome perspective. We retrieved the relevant articles on each PAH and summarized the reporting to date, with a particular focus on benzo(a)pyrene, which has been reported to have a high risk of gut microbiome-related harm. B(a)P exposure can compromise the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, a state of microbial imbalance.

Dairy Goat Production Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis to Reframe Their Global Diversity.

This review aims to emphasize the important role that goats and dairy goats play for many small-scale rural families worldwide, as well as to introduce a proposal for categorizing the main dairy goat production systems (DGPSs), using a multifactorial approach but emphasizing rainfall and nutritional supplementation level, as the focal categorization factors. The main DGPSs were divided into two metasystems based on available resources, each consisting of three production subsystems. In the first metasystem, the three subsystems have limited water, biotic, and economic resources, whose main economic rationality is based on reducing risk rather than maximizing outputs.

Dietary intakes, nutritional and biochemical status of 6 months to 12-year-old children before the COVID-19 pandemic era: the South East Asian Nutrition Survey II Indonesia (SEANUTS II) study in Java and Sumatera Islands, Indonesia.

Objective: The South East Asian Nutrition Survey II Indonesia aimed to provide up-to-date data on dietary intake, nutritional and biochemical status of children aged 0·5-12 years in Indonesia 2019-2020.

Design: Multistage cluster sampling, stratified by geographical location.

Setting: Out of forty-six targeted districts in Indonesia, the study only covered twenty-one districts/cities in Java and Sumatera islands, Indonesia due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Burdens of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages in 184 countries.

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, an updated and comprehensive assessment of the global burden attributable to SSBs remains scarce. Here we estimated SSB-attributable T2D and CVD burdens across 184 countries in 1990 and 2020 globally, regionally and nationally, incorporating data from the Global Dietary Database, jointly stratified by age, sex, educational attainment and urbanicity.

Micronutrient dose response (MiNDR) study among women of reproductive age and pregnant women in rural Bangladesh: study protocol for double-blind, randomised, controlled trials.

Introduction: Optimising the micronutrient status of women before and during reproduction confers benefits to them and their offspring. Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS), given as a daily tablet with nutrients at ~1 recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) reduces adverse birth outcomes. However, at this dosage, MMS may not fully address micronutrient deficiencies in settings with chronically inadequate diets and infection.

Temporal evolution of insecticide resistance and bionomics in Anopheles funestus, a key malaria vector in Uganda.

Insecticide resistance escalation is decreasing the efficacy of vector control tools. Monitoring vector resistance is paramount in order to understand its evolution and devise effective counter-solutions. In this study, we monitored insecticide resistance patterns, vector population bionomics and genetic variants associated with resistance over 3 years from 2021 to 2023 in Uganda.

Macranthoidin B restrains the epithelial-mesenchymal transition through COX-2/PGE pathway in endometriosis.

Introduction: Macranthoidin B is one of the primary and unique triterpenoid saponin metabolites from Hand. -Mazz, which is used to treat endometriosis (EMS) in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the effect of macranthoidin B remains unknown in EMS.

Simplifying coronary artery disease risk stratification: development and validation of a questionnaire-based alternative comparable to clinical risk tools.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) comprises one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality both in the European population and globally. All established clinical risk stratification scores and models require blood lipids and physical measurements. The latest reports of the European Commission suggest that attracting health professionals to collect these data can be challenging, both from a logistic and cost perspective, which limits the usefulness of established models and makes them unsuitable for population-wide screening in resource-limited settings, i.

The long-term impact of vaccine clinical research on national stakeholders involved: Experience from a low-income Country.

Clinical trials are the most rigorous scientific and regulated method to investigate the safety and efficacy of vaccines or drugs in pre-licensure stage. Clinical trial design and implementation are complex, time-consuming and involves close engagement with country's regulatory authority, clinical trial sites, investigators, and the healthcare system. Over the past few decades, a significant number of clinical trials have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in resource-limited settings.

Evaluating reproduction traits in a crossbreeding program between indigenous and exotic sheep in semi-arid lands.

Reproduction traits are important factors determining the efficiency of any sheep production system. This study evaluates the age at first lambing (AFL), lambing interval (LI), litter weight at birth (LBWT), litter weight at weaning (LWWT), birth weight of ewe (EBWT) and weaning weight of ewes (EWWT) in a crossbreeding program between the Red Maasai (RRRR) and Dorper sheep and their crosses, 75% Dorper and 50% Dorper (DDRR) breeds. All the traits significantly (P < 0.

Ranking of Health Problems and Prioritization of Cancer Education Topics by African American Communities in South Carolina.

Despite landmark breakthroughs in cancer research, African American adults (AA) bear the highest cancer burden compared to other racial groups in the United States (US). AA adults have twice the likelihood of dying from prostate and uterine cancers compared to White adults, suggesting that there are fundamental issues yet to be addressed when developing and implementing cancer-preventative programs for AA communities. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) empowers community members to identify and prioritize their health problems and preferred strategies to tackle these issues.

Transcriptional responses of blastospores after UV-B irradiation.

is widely known for its role as an arthropod biocontrol agent and plant bioinoculant. By using mass-production industrial methods, it is possible to produce large amounts of fungal single-celled propagules (including blastospores) to be applied in the field. However, in the environment, the solar ultraviolet components (particularly UV-B) can harm the fungus, negatively impacting its pathogenicity toward the arthropod pest.

Effectiveness of prenatal intervention on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management in rural Bangladesh: Results from a cluster-randomized trial.

Objectives: Nearly 80 % of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia cases are identified too late for medical treatment in lower-middle-income countries. Parents' understanding of neonatal jaundice is crucial for early detection and effective treatment. This study evaluated the effectiveness of prenatal sensitization in improving maternal knowledge and attitude toward neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management in Bangladesh.

Association Between Physical Activity and Sleep Health Among Community-Dwelling Adults Aged ≥50 in Ghana: The Mediating Role of Psychosomatic Factors.

Objectives: Data on the direct and indirect associations between physical activity (PA) and sleep quality in old age via psychosomatic mechanisms (e.g. mobility, pain, loneliness, depression, and anxiety) remain scarce in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Spent Brewer's Yeast Lysis Enables a Approach in the Beer Industry.

Yeasts have emerged as an important resource of bioactive compounds, proteins and peptides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, vitamin B, and polyphenols. Hundreds of thousands of tons of spent brewer's yeast with great biological value are produced globally by breweries every year. Hence, streamlining the practical application processes of the bioactive compounds recovered could close a loop in an important bioeconomy value-chain.

Investigating the Influence of a Tooth Absence on Facial Bone Growth Using a Porcine Model.

With the current state of knowledge regarding disorders of facial bone development, including anodontia, the development of a suitable animal model for preclinical studies is essential. The agenesis of dental buds occurs in about 25% of the human population. Prospects for treatment include the use of growth factors, stem cells, and bioengineering.

Exploring advanced genomic and immunoinformatics techniques for identifying drug and vaccine targets against SARS-CoV-2.

The coronavirus that causes serious acute respiratory syndrome. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still a major problem in public health and biomedicine. Even if there is no cure for it, the infection is still progressing naturally, and the only time that optimal treatment choices, such as doxycycline, work is at the beginning of the infection.

Sensor-measured versus reported latrine use to characterize sanitation intervention uptake in a randomized controlled trial among households in rural Bangladesh.

Sanitation programs typically measure latrine access, which does not equate to use. We aimed to objectively measure latrine use with sensors among households enrolled in the sanitation and control groups of a randomized controlled trial (WASH Benefits) in Bangladesh. The intervention provided upgraded latrines and behavioral promotion.

Molecular characterization and risk analysis of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in corticosteroid-treated and non-treated patients in Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt.

Background: Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an intestinal protozoan parasite of human and animal hosts. The present study investigated and compared the assemblages of G.

Associations Between Oncology Outreach and Patient-Sharing Measures of Care Coordination.

Background: Oncology outreach is a common strategy for addressing cancer workforce shortages, where traveling oncologists commute across clinical settings to extend their services. Despite its known benefits specifically for rural patients, oncology outreach reallocates physician resources to satellite clinics and may negatively impact the coordination of cancer care.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we identified patients with incident breast, colorectal, and lung cancers from 2016-2019 nationwide Medicare claims and linked them to oncologists using Part B.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Therapeutic Clinical Trial Eligibility and Enrollment among Women with Breast Cancer: Implications for Understanding Trial Disparities.

Introduction: Therapeutic clinical trials frequently lack diverse representation, hindering generalizability and exacerbating preexisting disparities in clinical outcomes. This study explored associations between breast cancer patient demographics, clinical trial eligibility, and enrollment in a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer center.

Patients And Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients with breast cancer screened for therapeutic clinical trials from July 2020 to January 2024.

Socioeconomic status and the risk for colonisation or infection with priority bacterial pathogens: a global evidence map.

Low socioeconomic status likely exacerbates risks for bacterial infections; however, global evidence for this relationship has not been synthesised. We systematically reviewed the existing literature for studies detailing the socioeconomic status of participants and their risk for colonisation or community-acquired infection with priority bacterial pathogens that are increasingly becoming antibiotic resistant. 50 studies from 14 countries reported outcomes by the participants' educational attainment, access to health care, income level, residential crowding status, socioeconomic status deprivation score, community setting, or access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene.

Rapid methods for multi-level dissemination of neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 outpatients: designing for dissemination using the fit to context framework.

Introduction: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an urgent need for the rapid and equitable translation of knowledge and effective treatments to reach vulnerable populations in response to the ever-shifting pandemic environment. The approval of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treatment of outpatient COVID-19 resulted in a need to rapidly design dissemination strategies to increase awareness and equitable access for community members and healthcare providers.

Materials And Methods: We used the Fit to Context (F2C) Framework for Designing for Dissemination and Sustainability to (a) design products such as messages and materials, and (b) disseminate the products.

A poly (vinyl alcohol) coated core-shell nanoparticle with a tunable surface for pH and glutathione dual-responsive drug delivery.

The surface characteristics of nanoparticles play a pivotal role in modulating the efficiency and functionality of drug delivery systems, particularly when addressing the complex challenges of targeted therapeutics. This study presents the development of a core-shell nanoparticle system (PMAA@DOX-PVA), incorporating poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a dynamic shell component to establish dual responsiveness to pH and glutathione levels. The hydrophilic PVA shell is covalently conjugated to the poly (methylacrylic acid) (PMAA) core via a boronic ester bond, establishing a robust platform for controlled release with tunable surface properties.