Reactivation of neural patterns during memory reinstatement supports encoding specificity.

Encoding specificity states that encoding and retrieving items in the same modality benefits memory, compared to encoding and retrieving in different modalities. In neural terms, this can be expressed as memory cues resonating with stored engrams; the more they overlap the better memory performance. We used temporal pattern analysis in MEG in a sensory match/mismatch memory paradigm (i.

Frontal variant of Alzheimer's disease masquerading as behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia: a case study comparison.

The current clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) recognize an atypical, non-amnestic presentation of AD, characterized by prominent executive dysfunction. Increasing evidence, however, indicates that the clinical phenotype of this so-called "frontal-variant" of AD (fv-AD) includes behavioral symptoms and deficits in social cognition, together with disproportionate frontal lobe atrophy. As these features resemble those characteristic of behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), differential diagnosis can be challenging.

Longitudinal patterns of behavior, cognition, and quality of life after mild traumatic brain injury in children: BIONIC study findings.

: Research following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) during childhood predominantly examines recovery up to 12 months post-injury. : To determine children's longer-term (4 years) patterns and predictors of recovery. : Parents of 196 children (aged 1-15 years) completed the Behaviour Assessment System for Children and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory at baseline, 1, 6, 12, and 48 months post-injury.

Why do people misunderstand stroke symptoms? How background knowledge affects causal attributions for ambiguous stroke symptoms.

: People often misattribute stroke survivors' symptoms to other causes such as their personality, especially when the survivors are young. As a result, these stroke survivors experience feelings of resentment towards and from their acquaintances, and may struggle to retain employment. This study aimed to clarify how people's misattributions for stroke symptoms were affected by varying information about the stroke.

Behaviour change techniques and theory use in healthcare professional-delivered infant feeding interventions to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review.

The conceptual basis of early childhood feeding interventions for obesity prevention is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review is to characterise these interventions' use of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and psychological theory, focusing on interventions delivered by healthcare professionals for children ≤ 2 years. We searched seven electronic databases from inception to January 2019 and identified 12 trials.

BK channel is a molecular target of vitamin C to protect against ischemic brain stroke.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that vitamin C decreases the risk of stroke, which has generally been ascribed to its function as antioxidant and free radical scavenger. However, whether there is a defined molecular target for vitamin C on stroke is unknown. Utilizing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats as a model for ischemic stroke, we demonstrated that long-term, low-dose administration of vitamin C prior to MCAO could exert significant neuroprotective effect on the brain damage.

Object recognition in acquired and developmental prosopagnosia.

Whether face and object recognition are dissociated in prosopagnosia continues to be debated: a recent review highlighted deficiencies in prior studies regarding the evidence for such a dissociation. Our goal was to study cohorts with acquired and developmental prosopagnosia with a complementary battery of tests of object recognition that address prior limitations, as well as evaluating for residual effects of object expertise. We studied 15 subjects with acquired and 12 subjects with developmental prosopagnosia on three tests: the Old/New Tests, the Cambridge Bicycle Memory Test, and the Expertise-adjusted Test of Car Recognition.

Quantitative and thematic analysis of complaints by clients against clinical veterinary practitioners in New Zealand.

Aims: To provide a descriptive analysis of all notifications and complaints received by the Veterinary Council of New Zealand (VCNZ) during 1992-2016 and to use a thematic analysis of complaints made by clients to the VCNZ during 2013-2015 to determine the underlying reasons for their complaints.

Methods: A mixed methods approach was used. Notifications and complaints against veterinarians between 1992-2016 (n=1218) were summarised based on complaint categories and by gender of the veterinarian respondents, the number of years registered with the VCNZ and the animal species to which the complaint related.

Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction: The Role of Perceived (Non)problematic Sexual Desire Discrepancy in Gay and Heterosexual Men.

Sexual desire discrepancy has been associated with sexual and relationship dissatisfaction. Nonetheless, little is known regarding the role of desire discrepancy in gay men, as main research has been systematically conducted with heterosexual couples. Also, only one study has focused on problematic sexual desire discrepancies and sexual satisfaction with lesbian women.

Comparing the Effects of Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM), Music and LKM Plus Music on Psychological Well-Being.

Loving-kindness meditation (LKM), a meditative practice directing caring feelings toward self and others, is a popular, evidence-base approach to increasing well-being. Music listening is also a popular form of emotion regulation used to enhance well-being. This interdisciplinary study evaluated a novel intervention called Convergence-combining LKM with accompanying classical guitar music-and its effects on adults' well-being, mindfulness, compassion and self-compassion outcomes.

Exploring dimensions of social support and resilience when providing care at the end of life: a qualitative study.

Research shows that formal and informal social support can facilitate resilience in carers. There is a paucity of research exploring social support and resilience amongst recently bereaved informal carers. To examine how the presence or absence of distinct dimensions of social support facilitate or hinder resilience in recently bereaved informal carers.

Resilience, sleep quality and morningness as mediators of vulnerability to depression in medical students with sleep pattern alterations.

The medical career is considered highly stressful, especially during internships when academic and clinical demands, combined with changes in sleep patterns, increase students' likelihood to develop depression. Resilience, which is considered as opposite vulnerability to stress and, along with another protective factor, namely morningness, may cause a student to be less reactive to stimuli and, therefore, less prone to depression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of resilience and morningness facing to sleep quality and main risk factors, on the development of depression symptoms in a group of students with sleep pattern alterations.

Socio-economic status and the developing brain in adolescence: A systematic review.

Socioeconomic status is associated with differences in social, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes for adolescents. Correspondingly, the period reflects continued dynamic, complex, and adaptive brain development. Research demonstrates associations between the developing adolescent brain and SES; however, such research has not been systematically integrated.

Financial difficulties in bipolar disorder part 1: longitudinal relationships with mental health.

Background: There has been little research on whether finances affect mental health in bipolar disorder.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between finances and mental health in bipolar disorder across two time points.

Methods: Fifty-four participants with bipolar disorder in a National Health Service community mental health service completed questionnaires examining financial difficulties, compulsive buying and perceived financial well-being.

Small-sided games can discriminate perceptual-cognitive-motor capability and predict disposal efficiency in match performance of skilled Australian footballers.

This study determined if small-sided games could discriminate perceptual-cognitive-motor skill in Australian Rules Footballers. Higher skilled Western Australian Football League (WAFL) (n = 17) and lesser skilled Amateur (n = 23) players were recruited. Participants played three small-sided games of three minutes.

Mindfulness and psychoeducation to manage stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study.

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) often corresponds to the prodromal stage of Alzheimer disease (AD). The aMCI stage represents a crucial time window to apply preventive interventions in an attempt to delay cognitive decline. Stress, one of AD's modifiable risk factors frequently co-occurring with aMCI, stands out as a key intervention target.

People infuse their passwords with autobiographical information.

Passwords might unlock more than our computer accounts. A New York Times Magazine described anecdotes of people who infused their passwords with autobiographical information [Urbina, I. (2014, November 20).

Using dual-task methods to enhance cognitive performance in the acute phase of stroke: a proof of concept study.

To test the effectiveness of using a non-targeted, dual-task methodology to promote positive cognitive behavior change in acute stroke. Three stroke survivors, selected because they exhibited different recovery profiles, different lesion sites, and time since suffering a stroke, were administered an anagram task five or six times across a two-week period in the days following a stroke. Task difficulty increased across sessions by means of adding a category instance detection task, where participants had to identify instances from either one or two different semantic categories.

When Do Older Adults Show a Positivity Effect in Emotional Memory?

Background: Typically, positive and negative emotional items are easier to remember than neutral ones. Charles, Mather, and Carstensen (2003) reported that older adults preferentially remember positive items, but this age-related "positivity effect" has not been replicated consistently.

Methods: We conducted a close replication of Charles et al.

Meta-analysis of the effects of third-wave behavioural interventions on disordered eating and body image concerns: implications for eating disorder prevention.

Third-wave behavioural interventions are increasingly popular for treating and preventing mental health conditions. Recently, researchers have begun testing whether these interventions can effectively targeting eating disorder risk factors (disordered eating, body image concerns). This meta-analysis examined whether third-wave behavioural interventions (acceptance and commitment therapy; dialectical behaviour therapy; mindfulness-based interventions; compassion-focused therapy) show potential for being effective eating disorder prevention programs, by testing their effects on eating disorder risk factors in samples without an eating disorder.

Words in larger font are perceived as more important: explaining the belief that font size affects memory.

Words presented in larger font size are considered more memorable and rated with higher judgments of learning (JOLs). One explanation for this phenomenon is that people believe that font size affects memory. However, it is not clear why people hold this belief.

Dyadic interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several interventions have targeted dyads to promote physical activity (PA) or reduce sedentary behaviour (SB), but the evidence has not been synthesised. Sixty-nine studies were identified from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, and 59 were included in the main meta-analyses (providing 72 independent tests). Intervention details, type of dyadic goal, participant characteristics, and methodological quality were extracted and their impact on the overall effect size was examined.

Poor emotion regulation ability mediates the link between depressive symptoms and affective bipolarity.

People's relationship between positive and negative affect varies on a continuum from relatively independent to bipolar opposites, with stronger bipolar opposition being termed . Experiencing more depressive symptoms is associated with increased bipolarity, but the processes underlying this relation are not yet understood. Here, we sought to replicate this link, and to examine the role of two potential mediating mechanisms: emotion regulation ability, and trait brooding.

In situ use of the King-Devick eye tracking test and changes seen with sport-related concussion: saccadic and blinks counts.

Objectives: Sport-related concussion (SRC) can result in impaired oculomotor function. Oculomotor performance, measured utilizing the King-Devick/Eye Tracking test (K-D/ET), is reported to be able to identify sub-optimal brain function. The objectives of the study were to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the K-D/ET in identifying SRC occurring from game participation and to perform a comparative analysis on saccade and blink counts for each K-D card individually and total counts between baseline and post-concussion.