Adeno-Associated Virus 8 and 9 Myofibre Type/Size Tropism Profiling Reveals Therapeutic Effect of Microdystrophin in Canines.

Background: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) 8 and 9 are in clinical trials for treating neuromuscular diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Muscle consists of myofibres of different types and sizes. However, little is known about the fibre type and fibre size tropism of AAV in large mammals.

Development of a novel multi-epitope subunit mRNA vaccine candidate to combat Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic bacterium prevalent in various environment, is a significant cause of nosocomial infections in ICUs. As the causative agent of pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, A. baumannii typically exhibits multidrug resistance and is associated with poor prognosis, thus led to a challenge for researchers in developing new treatment and prevention methods.

Neoadjuvant or concurrent atezolizumab with chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a randomized phase I trial.

Combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chemoradiation (CRT) is approved in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) but optimal sequencing of CRT and ICB is unknown. NRG-GY017 (NCT03738228) was a randomized phase I trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) neoadjuvant and concurrent with CRT (Arm A) vs. concurrent with CRT (Arm B) in patients with high-risk node-positive LACC.

Serum O-glycosylated HBsAg levels correlate with HBV RNA in HBeAg positive CHB patients during antiviral therapy.

Background: Recent evidence has indicated that the O-glycosylated PreS2 domain of the middle HBsAg is a distinguishing characteristic that allows the identification of HBsAg of HBV Dane particles and SVPs. This study's objective was to assess the changes in serum O-glycosylated HBsAg levels in CHB patients undergoing ETV or Peg-IFNα treatment.

Methods: Our retrospective study enrolled 86 patients with genotype C CHB.

Analysis of time to regulatory approval in an exception from informed consent trial in trauma patients.

Background: The interactive media-based approach to community consultation and public disclosure (CC/PD), a key step when conducting exception from informed consent (EFIC) clinical trials, is intended to be completed in 4 months. This analysis characterizes the process, from initiation of CC/PD activities to institutional review board approval, to better understand the barriers and how these can be mitigated.

Methods: This is a retrospective post hoc analysis of data collected as part of the CC/PD campaigns conducted for a large trial involving up to 90 trauma centers in the United States.

Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation as a Salvage Procedure After Failed Index Cartilage Surgery of the Knee: A Systematic Review.

Background: Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) is well established as a viable chondral restoration procedure for the treatment of symptomatic, focal chondral defects of the knee. The efficacy of secondary OCA in the setting of failed index cartilage repair or restoration is poorly understood.

Purpose: To evaluate radiographic and clinical outcomes, failures, and reoperations after OCA after failed index cartilage repair or restoration of the knee.

Wavelength-Resolved Magnetic Multiplex Biosensor for Simultaneous and Ultrasensitive Detection of Pneumonia Pathogens via Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Strategy with Luminescent Iridium Complexes.

Pneumonia is a prevalent acute respiratory infection and a major cause of mortality and hospitalization, and the urgent demand for a rapid, direct, and highly accurate diagnostic method capable of detecting both () and () arises from their prominent roles as the primary pathogens responsible for pneumonia. Herein, two luminescent iridium complexes with nonoverlapping photoluminescence spectra, iridium(III)-bis [4,6-(difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C'] picolinate (abbreviated as Ir-B) and bis (2-(3,5- dimethylphenyl) quinoline-C2,N') (acetylacetonato) iridium(III)) (abbreviated as Ir-R), were unprecedently proposed to construct a novel wavelength-resolved magnetic multiplex biosensor for simultaneous detection of and based on catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) signal amplification strategy combined with dye-doped silica nanoparticles. Notably, the proposed wavelength-resolved multiplex biosensor not only exhibits a broad linear range from 50 pM to 10 nM but also demonstrates excellent recovery rates for (96.

Mild behavioral impairment in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and Lewy body disease continuum.

To investigate the clinical impact of mild behavioral impairment (MBI) in a predefined cohort with Lewy body disease (LBD) continuum. Eighty-four patients in the LBD continuum participated in this study, including 35 patients with video-polysomnography-confirmed idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and 49 clinically established LBD. Evaluations included the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), neuropsychological tests, and MBI Checklist (MBI-C).

The influence of prolonged aerobic exercise on cardiac, muscular, and renal biomarkers in trained individuals with obesity.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of prolonged aerobic exercise on cardiac, muscular and renal inflammatory markers in a group of trained obese men.

Methods: Seventeen men (aged 40 ± 6 years; body mass index [BMI] 31.3 ± 2.

Odronextamab monotherapy in R/R DLBCL after progression with CAR T-cell therapy: Primary analysis of the ELM-1 study.

Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) progressing after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T) have dismal outcomes. The prespecified post-CAR T expansion cohort of the ELM-1 study investigated the efficacy and safety of odronextamab, a CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody, in patients with disease progression after CAR T. Sixty patients received IV odronextamab weekly for 4 cycles followed by maintenance until progression.

Cardiovascular MRI-derived Right Atrial Strain for Improved Risk Stratification in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis.

Purpose To assess the prognostic implications of cardiac MRI-derived imaging markers in individuals with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Materials and Methods This prospective study (German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00024479) enrolled individuals with severe AS who underwent cardiac MRI before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) from January 2017 to March 2022. Image analyses included myocardial volumes, cardiac MRI feature tracking-derived left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) as well as left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) strain, myocardial T1 mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement analyses.

Impact of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Human Glymphatic Function: A Time-Evolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The impact of SAH on human glymphatic function remains unknown.

Methods: This prospective, controlled study investigated whether human glymphatic function is altered after SAH, how it differs over time, and possible underlying mechanisms.

Impact of Heart Transplant Allocation Changes on Waitlist Mortality and Clinical Practice in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiomyopathy.

Background: The United Network of Organ Sharing made changes to the priority for allocation of hearts for transplantation (HT) in 2016 for pediatric patients and 2018 for adult patients. Although recent work has evaluated the impact of the revised allocation systems on mechanical circulatory support practices and waitlist outcomes, there are limited data that focus more specifically on the impact of the allocation changes on patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) or cardiomyopathy and how these relationships might differ in pediatric and adult patients.

Methods: The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for pediatric (<18 years of age) and adult (18-50 years of age) patients with a CHD or cardiomyopathy diagnosis listed for HT.

Combination Antithrombotic Therapy for Reduction of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease.

Background: Stroke secondary to intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is associated with high recurrence risk despite currently available secondary prevention strategies. In patients with systemic atherosclerosis, a significant reduction of stroke risk with no increase in intracranial or fatal hemorrhage was seen when rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily was added to aspirin.

Perceptions of Obesity Among Healthcare Professionals and Policy Makers in 2023: Results of the Global OPEN Survey.

Objective: Obesity is a disease with severe health impacts on individuals and economic impacts on society, yet healthcare practitioners (HCPs) and policy makers often fail to address it. This survey was conducted to examine current global obesity care and perceptions influencing care delivery among HCPs and healthcare decision makers (HC DMs).

Methods: A survey with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 1200 HCPs (primary care providers, endocrinologists, cardiologists, and nurses) and 414 HC DMs from eight countries across five continents.

-associated autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease: prevalence in kidney failure of undetermined aetiology and clinical insights from Danish families.

Background: Frameshift variants in the variable number tandem repeat region of () cause autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD-) but are challenging to detect. We investigated the prevalence in patients with kidney failure of undetermined aetiology and compared Danish families with ADTKD-.

Methods: We recruited patients with suspected kidney failure of undetermined aetiology at ≤50 years and excluded those with a clear-cut clinical or histopathological kidney diagnoses or established genetic kidney diseases identified thorough medical record review.

Early intervention in psychosis programs in Africa, Asia and Latin America; challenges and recommendations.

Background: While early intervention in psychosis (EIP) programs have been increasingly implemented across the globe, many initiatives from Africa, Asia and Latin America are not widely known. The aims of the current review are (a) to describe population-based and small-scale, single-site EIP programs in Africa, Asia and Latin America, (b) to examine the variability between programs located in low-and-middle income (LMIC) and high-income countries in similar regions and (c) to outline some of the challenges and provide recommendations to overcome existing obstacles.

Methods: EIP programs in Africa, Asia and Latin America were identified through experts from the different target regions.

Validation of a mail-in delayed semen analysis protocol developed for home collection.

Objective: To validate a mail-in delayed semen analysis service using deidentified remnant samples from a US fertility clinic.

Design: Double-blinded prospective validation of screening/diagnostic test.

Setting: Fertility clinic and clinical reference laboratory.

Successful pregnancy after preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements in a couple with complex chromosome rearrangement and recurrent in vitro fertilization failures: a case report.

Objective: To present a case of a couple with 20 years of infertility and 10 recurrent in vitro fertilization (IVF) failures, identifying a paternal complex chromosome rearrangement using high-resolution karyotype together with preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) and utilizing IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection to achieve a successful pregnancy.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Al Ain Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Biceps Tenodesis Using an Onlay Technique.

Tenodesis of the long head of biceps is a common shoulder surgical procedure. Tenodesis can be performed either arthroscopically or open and within the glenohumeral joint, within the bicipital groove, or below the pectoralis major tendon insertion. Arthroscopic tenodesis of the biceps tendon reduces the risk of infection.

Machine learning-derived multivariable predictors of postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in high-risk cardiac surgery patients.

Objective: To develop a model for preoperatively predicting postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) in patients with poor left ventricular (LV) function undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: From the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Database, 11,493 patients with LV ejection fraction ≤35% underwent isolated on-pump surgery from 2018 through 2019, of whom 3428 experienced PCCS. In total, 68 preoperative clinical variables were considered in machine-learning algorithms trained and optimized using scikit-learn software.

ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma: A study of six cases from an oncopathology center in North India.

ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) is a rare neoplasm with an aggressive course and poor therapeutic response to the standard R-CHOP regimen. Owing to its negativity for usual B- and T-cell markers and immunopositivity for epithelial markers, it can be easily misdiagnosed if it is not contemplated. To study the clinicopathological parameters of cases of ALK+ LBCL diagnosed at our institution.

T cell malignancies after CAR T cell therapy in the DESCAR-T registry.

The risk of T cell malignancies after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a concern, although the true incidence remains unclear. Here we analyzed the DESCAR-T registry database, encompassing all pediatric and adult patients with hematologic malignancies who received CAR T cell therapy in France since 1 July 2018. Of the 3,066 patients included (2,536 B cell lymphoma, 162 B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 368 multiple myeloma), 1,680 (54.

Toward expert-level medical question answering with large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical question answering, with Med-PaLM being the first to exceed a 'passing' score in United States Medical Licensing Examination style questions. However, challenges remain in long-form medical question answering and handling real-world workflows. Here, we present Med-PaLM 2, which bridges these gaps with a combination of base LLM improvements, medical domain fine-tuning and new strategies for improving reasoning and grounding through ensemble refinement and chain of retrieval.

The gut-brain axis underlying hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis.

Up to 50-70% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which is closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis, with an unclear mechanism. Here, by constructing gut-brain modules to assess bacterial neurotoxins from metagenomic datasets, we found that phenylalanine decarboxylase (PDC) genes, mainly from Ruminococcus gnavus, increased approximately tenfold in patients with cirrhosis and higher in patients with HE. Cirrhotic, not healthy, mice colonized with R.