colonization and surgical site infections among patients undergoing surgical fixation for acute fractures.

Objectives: To identify risk factors for methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) nasal carriage and surgical site infection (SSI) among patients undergoing fracture fixation procedures who were included in a quality improvement protocol involving screening patients for nasal carriage and treating carriers with intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine bathing.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Level 1 trauma center.

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy Reveals Widespread Reductions in Ocular Blood Flow in nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate whether and where laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG)-derived indices of ocular blood flow are reduced in non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared with age-matched control subjects.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Subjects with nonexudative AMD in the early, intermediate, or advanced stage underwent blood flow imaging with LSFG and were compared to age-matched control subjects.

Measurement of multidifferential cross sections for dijet production in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement of the dijet production cross section is reported based on proton-proton collision data collected in 2016 at by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36.3 . Jets are reconstructed with the anti- algorithm for distance parameters of and 0.

Improving the Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Genetically Confirmed Adult-Onset Huntington Disease: Considering Nonmotor Presentations.

Background: Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder. Given the focus on motor manifestations, nonmotor symptoms are frequently underappreciated in clinical evaluations, despite frequently contributing to primary functional impairment.

Recent Findings: A diagnosis of motor-onset as the definition of manifest symptoms misrepresents the complex nature of HD presentation.

No Evidence of Early Developmental Delay in Juvenile-Onset Huntington's Disease Patients.

Background: Previous studies suggest that early developmental delay is a common feature of Juvenile-Onset Huntington's disease (JOHD), with highest incidence in those with very high CAG repeats (> 80). However, all reports of developmental delay in JOHD are exclusively based on retrospective review of medical charts. Comprehensive assessment of birth history metrics may provide better insight into the question of early life development in JOHD.

β-Blocker Use and Delayed Onset and Progression of Huntington Disease.

Importance: Huntington disease (HD) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric decline. β-Blockers may play a therapeutic role by decreasing enhanced sympathetic tone in HD.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of β-blockers on the timing of motor diagnosis onset and progression of HD symptoms.

Shear stress-stimulated AMPK couples endothelial cell mechanics, metabolism and vasodilation.

Endothelial cells respond to mechanical force by stimulating cellular signaling, but how these pathways are linked to elevations in cell metabolism and whether metabolism supports the mechanical response remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the application of force to endothelial cells stimulates VE-cadherin to activate liver kinase B1 (LKB1; also known as STK11) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy homeostasis. VE-cadherin-stimulated AMPK increases eNOS (also known as NOS3) activity and localization to the plasma membrane, reinforcement of the actin cytoskeleton and cadherin adhesion complex, and glucose uptake.

Observation of the decay.

Using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of collected by the CMS experiment at , the decay is observed for the first time, with a statistical significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The relative branching fraction, with respect to the decay, is measured to be , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to the uncertainties in and .

Measurement of multijet azimuthal correlations and determination of the strong coupling in proton-proton collisions at .

A measurement is presented of a ratio observable that provides a measure of the azimuthal correlations among jets with large transverse momentum . This observable is measured in multijet events over the range of - based on data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 134 . The results are compared with predictions from Monte Carlo parton-shower event generator simulations, as well as with fixed-order perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) predictions at next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy obtained with different parton distribution functions (PDFs) and corrected for nonperturbative and electroweak effects.

Mutant Huntingtin Drives Development of an Advantageous Brain Early in Life: Evidence in Support of Antagonistic Pleiotropy.

Objective: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a triplet repeat expansion within the gene huntingtin (HTT). Antagonistic pleiotropy is a theory of aging that posits that some genes, facilitating individual fitness early in life through adaptive evolutionary changes, also augment detrimental aging-related processes. Antagonistic pleiotropy theory may explain a positive evolutionary pressure toward functionally advantageous brain development that is vulnerable to rapid degeneration.

Clinical outcomes of patients receiving three versus four doses of methotrexate with concomitant antithymocyte globulin in match unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplant: A single-center experience.

Methotrexate (MTX) doses on days +1, +3, +6, and +11 after match unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplant (MUD HSCT) is a common graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimen. However, the overlapping toxicity of MTX with conditioning chemotherapy sometimes warrants the omission of the fourth dose of MTX. Prior single-institution studies showed conflicting results comparing the outcomes of patients who received three versus four doses of MTX, but to our knowledge, the effect of concomitant antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has not been reported.

Mechanical activation of VE-cadherin stimulates AMPK to increase endothelial cell metabolism and vasodilation.

Endothelia cells respond to mechanical force by stimulating cellular signaling, but how these pathways are linked to elevations in cell metabolism and whether metabolism supports the mechanical response remains poorly understood. Here, we show that application of force to VE-cadherin stimulates liver kinase B1 (LKB1) to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy homeostasis. VE-cadherin stimulated AMPK increases eNOS activity and localization to the plasma membrane as well as reinforcement of the actin cytoskeleton and cadherin adhesion complex, and glucose uptake.

Comparisons between referred and non-referred patients to a university paediatric dental clinic.

Background: Referrals of paediatric patients to a university clinic have been increasing over the last several years.

Aim: To evaluate characteristics of referred and non-referred patients at the University of Iowa's Pediatric Dental Clinic (UIPDC).

Design: A retrospective chart review included dental records of 340 referred and 383 non-referred patients from July 1, 2015, to May 31, 2016 (n = 723).

Psychometric Analysis of an Integrated Clinical Education Tool for Physical Therapists.

Introduction: Integrated clinical education (ICE) courses require opportunities for practice, assessment of performance, and specific feedback. The purposes of this study were to 1) analyze the internal consistency of a tool for evaluating students during ICE courses, 2) examine the responsiveness of the tool between midterm and final assessments, and 3) develop a model to predict the final score from midterm assessments and explore relationships among the 6 domains.

Review Of Literature: Several clinical education assessment tools have been developed for terminal clinical experiences, but few have focused on the needs of learners during the ICE.

Improving Child Passenger Safety Through Proper Restraint System Use.

Nurses could help close caregivers' knowledge gap.

Global incidence of adverse clinical events in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a multitude of adverse outcomes. We aimed to estimate the pooled incidence of NAFLD-related adverse events.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of adults with NAFLD to evaluate the pooled incidence of adverse events.

Luminosity determination using Z boson production at the CMS experiment.

The measurement of Z boson production is presented as a method to determine the integrated luminosity of CMS data sets. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2017 at a center-of-mass energy of 13. Events with Z bosons decaying into a pair of muons are selected.

Evaluating motor progression of juvenile-onset Huntington's Disease: An Enroll-HD analysis.

Introduction: Juvenile-onset Huntington's disease (JOHD) is characterized by a unique motor phenotype relative to patients with adult-onset Huntington's Disease (AOHD). This study characterized motor progression of JOHD to propose improved outcome measures for this group.

Methods: We used linear mixed effect regression models to compare progression of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score (TMS) and the chorea score between patients with JOHD and AOHD.

Dementia: Helping Caregivers and Family Members Cope.

Physicians who care for patients with dementia also must provide support for patient caregivers and family members. Caregiver burden requires attention from the health care team because most caregivers of patients with dementia report high levels of emotional stress. This burden is more severe when patients have comorbid conditions, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and more severe functional impairments.

Dementia: Dementia Types.

Dementia, also called major neurocognitive disorder, is characterized by a chronic progressive loss of cognitive function in the absence of fluctuating consciousness. It represents a primarily geriatric syndrome that may be caused by one of several underlying conditions. There is insufficient evidence to support universal screening for cognitive impairment in older adults; however, clinicians should be alert to patient and caregiver concerns about cognitive changes and investigate such concerns with validated cognitive assessment tools.

Unravelling the role of huntingtin: from neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration.

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Genetic topography and cortical cell loss in Huntington’s disease link development and neurodegeneration’ by Estevez-Fraga (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awad275).