Nanostructural and nanomechanical alterations of photosensitized lipid membranes due to light induced formation of reactive oxygen species.

Photosensitization has a wide range of applications in vastly distant fields. Three key components must be present at the same time to trigger the related photodynamic effect: light, the photosensitizer (PS) and oxygen. Irradiating the sensitizer leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Technical validation of the Zeto wireless, dry electrode EEG system.

Clinical adoption of innovative EEG technology is contingent on the non-inferiority of the new devices relative to conventional ones. We present the four key results from testing the signal quality of Zeto's WR 19 EEG system against a conventional EEG system conducted on patients in a clinical setting.We performed 30 min simultaneous recordings using the Zeto WR 19 (zEEG) and a conventional clinical EEG system (cEEG) in a cohort of 15 patients.

Intramolecular Inhibition by Imidazole in Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Protected Carbohydrates.

The present study reveals an unexpected anomaly observed in the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the 5,6-O-isopropylidene group in 3-O-protected D-gluco- and D-allofuranose derivatives. Although the removal of the 5,6-O-isopropylidene protecting group is typically rapid and quantitative under acidic conditions, an unexpected inhibition of this reaction is observed for the two C3-epimers, 3-O-imidazole sulfonyl moiety. X-ray data show a two-faced imidazole ring orientation in the crystal, while solution state NOE data reveal a critical interaction type between the isopropylidene and the imidazole rings.

Surface reconstruction limited magnetism of the nodal loop semimetal Ca[Formula: see text]P[Formula: see text].

Nodal loop semimetals are topological materials with drumhead surface states characterized by reduced kinetic energy. If the Fermi energy of such a system is near these nondispersive states interaction among charge carriers substantially impacts their electronic structure. The emergence of magnetism in these surface states is one of the possible consequences.

Nonionic Amphiphilic Copolymers of Poly(poly(ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate) Brushes with Methyl Methacrylate Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization as Dry Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Next Generation Li-ion Battery Applications.

Amphiphilic copolymers of comb-like poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) synthesized by one-pot atom transfer radical polymerization were mixed with lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt to formulate dry solid polymer electrolytes (DSPE) for semisolid-state Li-ion battery applications. The PEO-type side chain length (EO monomer's number) in the PEGMA macromonomer units was varied, and its influence on the mechanical and electrochemical characteristics was investigated. It was found that the copolymers, due to the presence of PMMA segments, possess viscoelastic behavior and less change in mechanical properties than a PEO homopolymer with 100 kDa molecular weight in the investigated temperature range.

Aperiodic neural activity distinguishes between phasic and tonic REM sleep.

Traditionally categorized as a uniform sleep phase, rapid eye movement sleep exhibits substantial heterogeneity with its phasic and tonic constituents showing marked differences regarding many characteristics. Here, we investigate how tonic and phasic states differ with respect to aperiodic neural activity, a marker of arousal and sleep. Rapid eye movement sleep heterogeneity was assessed using either binary phasic-tonic (n = 97) or continuous (in 60/97 participants) approach.

Oscillatory autophagy induction is enabled by an updated AMPK-ULK1 regulatory wiring.

Autophagy-dependent survival relies on a crucial oscillatory response during cellular stress. Although oscillatory behaviour is typically associated with processes like the cell cycle or circadian rhythm, emerging experimental and theoretical evidence suggests that such periodic dynamics may explain conflicting experimental results in autophagy research. In this study, we demonstrate that oscillatory behaviour in the regulation of the non-selective, stress-induced macroautophagy arises from a series of interlinked negative and positive feedback loops within the mTORC1-AMPK-ULK1 regulatory triangle.

Treatments and Treatment Predictors in Patients With Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: First Results From the International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS).

Treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with a substance use disorder (SUD) and comorbid ADHD (SUD +ADHD) may have positive effects on the outcome of both conditions, but controversy exists regarding the preferred ADHD treatment in these patients. Little is known about the treatments that are provided for these patients in routine addiction care practice and the factors that are associated with treatment provision. To describe the treatments provided in everyday clinical practice and to explore factors associated with ADHD treatment provision in patients with SUD +ADHD.

Selective Reduction of Esters to Access Aldehydes Using Fiddler Crab-Type Boranes.

The partial reduction of esters to aldehydes is a fundamentally important transformation for the synthesis of numerous fine chemicals and consumer goods. However, despite the many efforts, limitations have persisted, such as competing overreduction, low reproducibility, use of exigent reaction conditions and hazardous chemicals. Here, we report a novel catalyst family with a unique steric design which promotes the catalytic partial reduction of esters with unprecedented, near-perfect selectivity and efficiency.

An accelerator-based neutron source design with a thermal neutron port and an epithermal neutron port for boron neutron capture therapy.

This study presents a compact accelerator-driven neutron source design with a thermal neutron port and an epithermal neutron port for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), based on 10 mA 2.5 MeV protons bombarding on a 100 μm thick disc-shaped Li target with a diameter of 10 cm. The moderator consists of 2 parts, the epithermal neutron moderator and the thermal neutron moderator.

Multi-Night Electroencephalography Reveals Positive Association Between Sleep Efficiency and Hippocampal Subfield and Entorhinal Cortex Volumes in Healthy Aging.

Age-related atrophy of the human hippocampus and the enthorinal cortex starts accelerating at around age 60. Due to the contributions of these regions to many cognitive functions seamlessly used in everyday life, this can heavily impact the lives of elderly people. The hippocampus is not a unitary structure, and mechanisms of its age-related decline appear to differentially affect its subfields.

From Bayes to Darwin: Evolutionary search as an exaptation from sampling-based Bayesian inference.

Building on the algorithmic equivalence between finite population replicator dynamics and particle filtering based approximation of Bayesian inference, we design a computational model to demonstrate the emergence of Darwinian evolution over representational units when collectives of units are selected to infer statistics of high-dimensional combinatorial environments. The non-Darwinian starting point is two units undergoing a few cycles of noisy, selection-dependent information transmission, corresponding to a serial (one comparison per cycle), non-cumulative process without heredity. Selection for accurate Bayesian inference at the collective level induces an adaptive path to the emergence of Darwinian evolution within the collectives, capable of maintaining and iteratively improving upon complex combinatorial information.

Socioeconomic status and sex ratio in the contemporary Hungarian population.

According to the Trivers-Willard hypothesis (TWH), when the mother's condition around conception influences the future reproductive success of male and female offspring differently, the adjustment of offspring sex ratio (SR) to maternal condition will increase the parents' fitness. The TWH has been tested in several taxa, including humans where socioeconomic status as an index of condition has been widely used. The results are inconsistent, possibly because the preconditions of the TWH are not always met.

Kinetic, thermodynamic, and ab initio insights of AsnGly isomerisation as a ticking time bomb for protein integrity.

Under physiological conditions in peptides or proteins, the -AsnGly- motif autonomously rearranges within hours/days to β-Asp and α-Asp containing sequence, via succinimide intermedier. The formation of the succinimide is the rate-limiting step, with a strong pH and temperature dependence. We found that Arg(+) at the (n + 2) position (relative to Asn in the n position) favors isomerisation by forming a transition-state like structure, whereas Glu(-) disfavors isomerisation by adopting a β-turn like conformer.

Magnetic structures in the explicitly time-dependent nontwist map.

We investigate how the magnetic structures of the plasma change in a large aspect ratio tokamak perturbed by an ergodic magnetic limiter, when a system parameter is non-adiabatically varied in time. We model such a scenario by considering the Ullmann-Caldas nontwist map, where we introduce an explicit time-dependence to the ratio of the limiter and plasma currents. We apply the tools developed recently in the field of chaotic Hamiltonian systems subjected to parameter drift.

MARVEL Analysis of High-Resolution Rovibrational Spectra of OCO.

A large set of validated experimental transitions and empirical rovibrational energy levels are reported for the fifth most abundant carbon dioxide isotopologue, OCO (in a shorthand notation, 638). Validation of the transitions and determination of the empirical energy levels are based on a compiled and carefully checked dataset, collected from 35 literature sources, containing 12 348/7432 measured/unique lines in the wavenumber range of 578-9318 cm. The MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) protocol, built upon the theory of spectroscopic networks, not only validates the vast majority of the measured transitions, but also yields 3975 empirical rovibrational energy levels, with uncertainty estimates compliant with the experimental uncertainties of the transitions.

Opening the black box of article retractions: exploring the causes and consequences of data management errors.

The retraction of an article is probably the most severe outcome of a scientific project. While great emphasis has been placed on articles retracted due to scientific misconduct, studies show many retractions are due to honest errors. Unfortunately, in most cases, retraction notices do not provide sufficient information to determine the specific types and causes of these errors.

Thermal Softening Measurements of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys.

Home-built equipment will be presented able to measure the thermal expansion (with a flat indenter) and indentation depth (with a pointed indenter) up to 1100 °C. In dilatometer mode, the allotropic phase transformations can be studied. For hardness, a Rockwell-type measurement is adopted.

Development of Novel Imipridones with Alkyne- and Triazole-Linked Warheads on the Tricyclic Skeleton, Showing Superior Ability to Eradicate PANC-1 and Fadu Cells Compared to ONC201.

Our ongoing research focuses on the development of new imipridone derivatives. We aim to design compounds that can completely and selectively eradicate cancer cells after relatively short treatment. We have synthetized systematically designed novel hybrids and evaluated their antiproliferative activity against PANC-1 and Fadu cell lines.

Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Microplastic Particles on Gut Microbiota Composition and Health Status in Rabbit Livestock.

The widespread use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and its entry into humans and livestock is of serious concern. In our study, we investigated the impact of PVC treatments on physiological, pathological, hormonal, and microbiota changes in female rabbits. Trend-like alterations in weight were observed in the spleen, liver, and kidney in both low (P1) and high dose (P2) PVC treatment groups.

Exploring the Molecular Structure and Treatment Dynamics of Cellulose Fibres with Photoacoustic and Reversed Double-Beam Spectroscopy.

In this study, we explored the structural and chemical modifications of cellulose fibres subjected to chemical and mechanical treatments through an innovative analytical approach. We employed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy (RDB-PAS) to examine the morphological changes and the chemical integrity of the treated fibres. The methodology provided enhanced sensitivity and specificity in detecting subtle alterations in the treated cellulose structure.

Development of a Simple IFN-γ Release Whole Blood Assay for the Assessment of Specific Cellular Immunity in Dogs.

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease caused by , where increased interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels are associated with controlling the infection and mild to moderate disease. Therefore, monitoring IFN-γ concentrations is essential for monitoring the immune responses in CanL. This study compared a faster, cost-effective IFN-γ release whole blood assay in tubes (WBA-T) with a standardized version (WBA-S) in 41 dogs at different states of infection.

Rank-Related Differences in Dogs' Behaviours in Frustrating Situations.

Dogs are strongly dependent on humans, not only for sustenance, but they also form asymmetrical bonds with us where they rely on assistance from the human partner in the case of difficult situations. At the same time, cohabiting dogs form hierarchies, and their rank strongly influences their behaviour in various social interactions. In this study, we investigated whether high- and low-ranking dogs would behave differently in non-social and social contexts where a formerly available reward suddenly becomes inaccessible.