First molecular detection of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and molecular screening of other vector-borne pathogens in camels from the greater Cairo metropolitan area, Egypt.

In Egypt, knowledge about vector-borne bacterial pathogens in camels remains limited. To address this gap, 181 blood samples from adult one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the greater Cairo metropolitan area were collected from October 2021 to March 2022. Through PCR assays, four pathogens were detected, where Anaplasmataceae being the most common (54.

Animal Brucellosis in Egypt: Review on Evolution, Epidemiological Situation, Prevalent Strains, Genetic Diversity, and Assessment of Implemented National Control Measures.

Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that has a significant economic and public health impact, especially in endemic countries. This review delves deeply into brucellosis's current epidemiological situation and potential sources of livestock infection in Egypt during the last two decades. MLVA-16 and Whole Genome Sequencing based on core-genome SNP analyses confirm the presence of different and outbreak strains, both older widely disseminated strains and newly introduced ones.

Green Tea Extract (; L.): A Promising Antimicrobial, Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Candidate Against Multidrug-Resistant Species.

Background: Thermophilic species are among the main culprits behind bacterial gastroenteritis globally and have grown progressively resistant to clinically important antimicrobials. Many studies have been carried out to explore innovative and alternative strategies to control antibiotic-resistant campylobacters in animal reservoirs and human hosts; however, limited studies have been performed to develop efficient control schemes against biofilms.

Methods: This study investigated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of some herbal extracts against multidrug-resistant (MDR) species recovered from different sources using phenotypic and molecular techniques.

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in chickens from Egypt, and a meta-analysis for Cryptosporidium infections in chickens worldwide.

Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. Various animals and birds can also be infected with this protist, and Cryptosporidium zoonosis is common. A few reports have been published worldwide on Cryptosporidium infections in chickens.

Novel silver nanoparticle-based biomaterials for combating biofilms.

Background: is a significant nosocomial pathogen that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, often forming biofilms that enhance its virulence. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel nanoformulation, AgNPs@chitosan-NaF, in combating biofilms.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to assess the antibiotic resistance profile of isolates.

A refined method for high-purity isolation of uterine glandular epithelial cells in mouse.

The uterine endometrium consists of luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, and stromal cells, with uterine glands playing a pivotal role in pregnancy success among mammals. Uterine glands secrete essential factors that regulate embryo development and implantation; however, their cellular biology remains poorly understood. This study presents a refined method for isolating three distinct endometrial cell types with high purity, with a specific emphasis on glandular epithelial cells.

Evaluating the In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) Against the Adult Stages of Fasciola hepatica.

Background: Fascioliasis represents one of the most significant parasitic and foodborne zoonotic diseases in the world. Resistance to currently deployed human and veterinary flukicides is a growing health problem. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have developed enormous importance in nanomedicine.

Effect of dietary supplementation of Lawsonia inermis and Acacia nilotica extract on growth performance, intestinal histopathology, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis.

Avian coccidiosis is one of the many disorders that seriously harm birds' digestive systems. Nowadays the light is shed on using Phytochemical/herbal medicines as alternative natural anti-coccidial chemical-free standards. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the impact of lawsonia inermis powder (LIP), and Acacia nilotica aqueous extract (ANAE), on growth performance, serum biochemical, antioxidant status, cytokine biomarkers, total oocyst count and intestinal histopathology of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis.

Emergence of multi-drug-resistant, vancomycin-resistant, and multi-virulent Enterococcus species from chicken, dairy, and human samples in Egypt.

Aims: The present study aimed to detect the frequency of vancomycin resistance and virulence genes' profiles of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) enterococcal isolates from different sources and to investigate the sequence heterogeneity between the esp genes of MDR and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from chicken and human sources.

Methods And Results: Conventional phenotypic methods identified 91 isolates (60.7%) as Enterococcus species, and these isolates were retrieved from dairy (37/52), chicken (35/54), and human (19/44) origins.

Full-length genome reveals genetic diversity and extensive recombination patterns of Saudi GI-1 and GI-23 genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus.

Background: Despite numerous genetic studies on Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), many strains from the Middle East remain misclassified or unclassified. Genotype 1 (GI-1) is found globally, while genotype 23 (GI-23) has emerged as the predominant genotype in the Middle East region, evolving continuously through inter- and intra-genotypic recombination. The GI-23 genotype is now enzootic in Europe and Asia.

Discovery of potent anti-toxoplasmosis drugs from secondary metabolites in Citrus limon (lemon) leaves, supported in-silico study.

Toxoplasmosis induced by Toxoplasma gondii is a well-known health threat, that prompts fatal encephalitis increased with immunocompromised patients, in addition, it can cause chorioretinitis, microcephaly, stillbirth in the fetus and even led to death. Standard therapy uses sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine drugs revealed beneficial results during the acute stage, however, it has severe side effects. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS used to explore C.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems.

Background: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a global contagious respiratory disease of ruminants caused by Bovine Herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1). It causes substantial financial losses in the dairy industry worldwide and is considered one of the most important causative agents of abortion and reproductive problems in dairy cattle.

Aim: This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of IBR and the related risk factors in the dairy population in Gharbia governorate, Egypt.

Laboratory safety and immunogenicity evaluation of live attenuated avian infectious bronchitis GI-23 virus vaccine.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is responsible for a highly contagious disease that poses a significant threat to the poultry industry due to its high rates of evolution. The occurrence of vaccination failure can frequently be attributed to the emergence of novel strains that exhibit antigenic divergence from conventional vaccine strains. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Eg/1212B-based live attenuated virus vaccine indicated for immunization of chickens against nephropathogenic GI-23 variant strains reported globally.

Pathological studies on skeletal muscle atrophy in common fish products from El-Jubail Province, Saudi Arabia.

In this study, 10 fish species, Jayan flounder (Pseudorhombus javanicus); Oriental sole (Eurgglossa arientalis); Oange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides); Blacktip trevally (Caranx heberi); Towbar seabream (Acanthopagrus bifascia); Smalltooth emperor (Lethrinus microdon); Spangled emperio (Lethrinus nebulous); Sharptooth hammer croaker (Johnius vogleri); Bigeye croaker (Pennahia anea) and Redspine thread bream (Nemipterus nemurus), were examined in El-Jubail province, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf region over three years from 2017 to 2020. The examined fish species showed muscular atrophy in a total percent of 1.1%, but with variable percentages of affections in each species.

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endangers Egyptian dairy herds.

The emergence of pandrug-resistant (PDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) isolates from bovine milk samples along with biofilm formation ability and harboring various virulence genes complicates the treatment of bovine mastitis and highlights the serious threat to public health. This study investigated for the first time the frequency, antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm-forming ability, virulence factors, spa and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types of MRSA and VRSA isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis in Egypt. A total of 808 milk samples were collected from each quarter of 202 dairy animals, including 31 buffaloes and 171 cattle.

Biocontrol of virulent Listeria monocytogenes using green carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals-silver nano-biohybrids.

L. monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, known to cause food poisoning and systemic disease, specifically listeriosis. This species has shown resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, making the search for new alternative therapies is a pressing matter.

Berberine and Cyperus rotundus extract nanoformulations protect the rats against Staphylococcus-induced mastitis via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities: role of MAPK signaling.

Berberine (BER) and Cyperus rotundus rhizomes extract (CRE) are phytochemicals characterized by broad-spectrum pharmacological activity that could tackle the side effects of conventional mastitis therapies, however, they undergo a modest bioavailability. In the current study, nanoformulations of BER and CRE chitosan hydrogel (BER/CH-NPs, CRE/CH-NPs) were investigated for their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects against S. aureus-induced mastitis in a rat model.

Natural Inhibitors of MDR Efflux Pumps AcrAB and AcrD: An Integrated In Silico, Molecular, and In Vitro Investigation.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) remains a significant global health threat. This study aimed to explore the potential of essential oil components as novel inhibitors of the MDR efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrD. isolates were characterized for serotype, antibiotic resistance, and efflux pump activity.

The immunomodulatory and antioxidative effects of curcumin-supplemented diets against the isolated Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromisniloticus.

Worldwide, Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) has become a significant foodborne pathogen, causing gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans as well as severe economic losses in fish farms. Thus, we conducted this research in two experiments.

Molecular characterization of circulating infectious bursal disease viruses in chickens from different Egyptian governorates during 2023.

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induces severe immunosuppression in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the global poultry industry. This study investigated 52 chicken flocks, including commercial broilers, layers, and baladi, from various Egyptian governorates in 2023. These flocks exhibited symptoms of depression, along with kidney and bursa lesions, indicative of IBDV infection.

Using a blend of oilseed meals in the diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): effects on the growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal health, growth, and metabolic-related genes.

In this study, Nile tilapia were fed a blend of oilseed meals (BOM) that includes cottonseed meal (CSM), linseed meal (LSM), sesame meal (SSM), and sunflower meal (SFM) at a ratio of 1 CSM: 1 LSM: 1 SSM: 1 SFM. Six diets were formulated where the first diet included FM and SBM as protein sources and considered the positive control diet (FM). Another five FM-free diets were formulated, where SBM was substituted with BOM and included at 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/kg diet.

Comparative Analysis of Aptamer-Conjugated Chemical and Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles for Targeted Therapy in MCF-7 Cancer Cells.

Breast cancer remains a challenging health issue, demanding innovative treatment approaches that maximize efficacy while minimizing damage to healthy cells. Targeted therapy offers a promising strategy tailored to the unique characteristics of breast cancer tumors. Gold nanoparticles have been studied in the context of their therapeutic potential towards cancer treatment showing great success.