Coping with cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia: a scoping review.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to map out the coping strategies among Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment (PwMCI) and Persons with Mild Dementia (PwMD), identifying the facilitators and the barriers to the use of the strategies.

Method: We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed studies in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Under the guidance of the Coping Circumflex Model, we identified coping strategies and then conducted thematic synthesis.

Antipsychotic Use in Older Adults With Dementia: Community and Nursing Facility Trends in Texas, 2015-2020.

Objectives: To assess recent trends in antipsychotic use among older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) according to their residential status and determine the factors associated with the use of antipsychotics.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study using Texas Medicare Fee-for-Service data.

Setting And Participants: Individuals ≥ 65 years of age with ADRDs who had at least 3 months of Medicare Part A and B, and Part D for prescription drug coverage, in any year between 2015 and 2020.

Development and Evaluation of an Automated Multimodal Mobile Detection of Oral Cancer (mDOC) Imaging System to Aid in Risk-based Management of Oral Mucosal Lesions.

Oral cancer is a major global health problem. It is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage although often preceded by clinically visible oral mucosal lesions, termed oral potentially malignant disorders associated with an increased risk for oral cancer development. There is an unmet clinical need for effective screening tools to assist front-line healthcare providers to determine which patients should be referred to an oral cancer specialist for evaluation.

Safety and Effectiveness of EUS-Guided Gallbladder Drainage in Patients with Cirrhosis: An International Multicenter Experience.

Introduction EUS-guided gall bladder drainage (EUS-GBD) for management of symptomatic gallbladder disease has been shown to be safe and effective in high surgical risk patients with data lacking in patients with cirrhosis. We sought to study the safety and effectiveness of EUS-GBD in cirrhotic compared to non-cirrhotic patients. Methods Retrospective review of patients who underwent EUS-GBD at four (3 US and 1 Spain) international tertiary care centers.

Evaluation of two MALDI-TOF MS systems and extraction methods for identification of filamentous fungi recovered from clinical specimens.

Unlabelled: Rapid and accurate identification of cultured molds is important to determine clinical significance and therapeutic decision-making. Conventional mold identification uses phenotypic macroscopic and microscopic characterization; however, this can take days or weeks for colony maturity and definitive microscopic structure formation, be limited to genus-level identification, and be misidentified due to morphologic mimics or similarities between closely related species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revolutionized bacterial and yeast identification but remains uncommon for molds in part because of limited reference libraries.

Incidence and Prevalence of Post-COVID-19 Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Report from the Observational RECOVER-Adult Study.

Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) may occur after infection. How often people develop ME/CFS after SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown.

Objective: To determine the incidence and prevalence of post-COVID-19 ME/CFS among adults enrolled in the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER-Adult) study.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Potential Biomarker in Brain Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates peripheral and CNS BDNF levels in glioma patients.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched databases for studies measuring BDNF in glioma patients and controls. After screening and data extraction, we conducted quality assessment, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.

Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in Texas: examining incidence rates in dental health professional shortage areas.

Purpose: Oral cavity (OC) and oropharyngeal (OP) cancer rates have increased annually rising in the U.S. and Texas.

Mediator kinase inhibition drives myometrial stem cell differentiation and the uterine fibroid phenotype through super-enhancer reprogramming.

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common non-cutaneous tumors in women worldwide. UFs arise from genetic alterations in myometrial stem cells (MM SCs) that trigger their transformation into tumor initiating cells (UF SCs). Mutations in the RNA polymerase II Mediator subunit MED12 are dominant drivers of UFs, accounting for 70% of these clinically significant lesions.

Long-term impact of Diabetes Prevention Program interventions on walking endurance.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes are associated with poor walking endurance, a marker of physical function. We aimed to examine the long-term effects of metformin or intensive lifestyle intervention in adults at high risk of T2D on their 6-min walk test (6MWT) performance.

Methods: Participants were randomized in the 3-year Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) to one of the three groups: lifestyle intervention, metformin, or placebo, and were subsequently followed in the DPP Outcomes Study.

Race disparities in dental care use from adolescence to middle adulthood in the USA.

Background: This study examines the longitudinal patterns of dental care use from adolescence to middle adulthood (ages 11-43) and investigates racial and ethnic disparities in these patterns.

Methods: Data from Waves I through V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1993-2018; ages 11-43). Semiparametric group-based trajectory model identified distinct dental care use trajectories.

International prevalence patterns of low eGFR in adults aged 18-60 without traditional risk factors from a population-based cross-sectional disadvantaged populations eGFR epidemiology (DEGREE) study.

The disadvantaged populations eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) epidemiology (DEGREE) study was designed to gain insight into the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of undetermined cause (CKDu) using standard protocols to estimate the general-population prevalence of low eGFR internationally. Therefore, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of eGFR under 60 ml/min per 1.73m in adults aged 18-60, excluding participants with commonly known causes of CKD; an ACR (albumin/creatinine ratio) over 300 mg/g or equivalent, or self-reported or measured (HT) hypertension or (DM) diabetes mellitus, stratified by sex and location.

Contribution of rare chromosome 22q11.2 copy number variants to non-syndromic bicuspid aortic valve.

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect in adults, often leading to complications such as thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic stenosis. While BAV is frequently associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.

HoLEP Safety and Efficacy in Octogenarians: A Retrospective ACS-NSQIP Analysis (2011-2020).

Objective: To evaluate the safety of Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in octogenarian compared to non-octogenarian patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2011 to 2020. We assessed baseline demographic data, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, functional status, and medical comorbidities.

Utilization and perceived usefulness of monitoring technology for family caregivers of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Background: Caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) often experience burden based on their care recipients' symptoms of wandering, disorientation, and agitation.

Objective: To examine the utilization and perceived value of technology-based solutions for caregiving among caregivers of PLWD.

Methods: In collaboration with three Texas sites, PLWD and family caregiver dyads were recruited from clinical and community sites to assess the feasibility of a caregiving technology.

A socio-ecological approach to understanding self-regulation among adolescents with developmental challenges and delays.

Drawing from the socio-ecological model, this study examined the relationships between child, family, and neighborhood/community factors and self-regulation among five subgroups of adolescents aged 12-17 years with developmental challenges and delays (Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism/Autism Spectrum Disorder, developmental delay, learning disability, and intellectual disability). Data for this study came from the 2019 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative dataset (n=3,181). Using multiple regression analyses, we found that not all five subgroups of adolescents shared similar experiences.

Broadly inhibitory antibodies to severe malaria virulence proteins.

Malaria pathology is driven by the accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in microvessels. This process is mediated by the polymorphic erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) adhesion proteins of the parasite. A subset of PfEMP1 variants that bind to human endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) through their CIDRα1 domains is responsible for severe malaria pathogenesis.

Hepatic glucose production rises with the histological severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and steatohepatitis (MASH) are associated with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Individuals with MASLD exhibit insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia, but it is unclear whether hepatic glucose production (HGP) is increased with MASLD severity. We evaluated HGP in a cohort of histologically characterized individuals with MASL/MASH using stable isotope infusion (6,6-H-glucose, U-H-glycerol) and liver-specific genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs).