Hypervolemic hypernatremia is the most common type of hypernatremia in the intensive care unit.

Background: A high incidence of hypervolemic hypernatremia has been described in patients recovering from acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care units. However, this has been limited to only a few cases.

Methods: One hundred fifty adult patients recovering from AKI in the intensive care unit of a single institution during a 6-year period, who developed hypernatremia during the course of their illness, were investigated.

Complex I dysfunction underlies the glycolytic switch in pulmonary hypertensive smooth muscle cells.

ATP is essential for cellular function and is usually produced through oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondrial dysfunction is now being recognized as an important contributing factor in the development cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). In PH there is a metabolic change from oxidative phosphorylation to mainly glycolysis for energy production.

Diagnosis and acute management of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke.

Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) can be an unrecognized cause of short- and long-term neurologic disability. Focal clonic seizure in the newborn period is the most common clinical presentation of PAIS. MRI is optimal in diagnosing PAIS; negative cranial ultrasound or CT does not rule out PAIS.

"There is no help out there and if there is, it's really hard to find": a qualitative study of the health concerns and health care access of Latino "DREAMers".

Purpose: Young immigrants without documentation who qualify for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program are eligible for temporary legal status but excluded from the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion and Health Care Exchanges. Little is known about this population's health or access to care.

Methods: Sixty-one DACA-eligible Latinos aged 18-31 years were recruited from community and Internet settings to participate in nine focus groups in California.

A new activity for SAMHD1 in HIV restriction.

Restriction factors are host cell proteins that inhibit retroviral infection. A new study using mutants of human HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 suggests that it inhibits infection through degradation of viral RNA rather than through its dNTPase activity as previously suggested.

Group B streptococcal serine-rich repeat proteins promote interaction with fibrinogen and vaginal colonization.

Group B streptococcus (GBS) can cause severe disease in susceptible hosts, including newborns, pregnant women, and the elderly. GBS serine-rich repeat (Srr) surface glycoproteins are important adhesins/invasins in multiple host tissues, including the vagina. However, exact molecular mechanisms contributing to their importance in colonization are unknown.

Role of the serine-rich surface glycoprotein Srr1 of Streptococcus agalactiae in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis.

The binding of bacteria to fibrinogen and platelets are important events in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. Srr1 is a serine-rich repeat glycoprotein of Streptococcus agalactiae that binds directly to the Aα chain of human fibrinogen. To assess the impact of Srr1 on the pathogenesis of endocarditis due to S.

Oral misoprostol and vaginal isosorbide mononitrate for labor induction: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To estimate whether vaginal isosorbide mononitrate, added to oral misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction, shortens time to vaginal delivery.

Methods: A prospective, randomized trial was conducted. Women scheduled for labor induction between 32 and 42 weeks and with unfavorable cervices (modified Bishop score 6 or lower) were randomized to receive oral misoprostol every 4 hours, up to four doses, with or without isosorbide mononitrate every 6 hours, up to two doses.

Quality of Life and Patterns of Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines Among Glioma Patients.

Many people with cancer consider using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). To describe the quality of life (QOL) and use of CAM therapies among adult patients with glioma, we assessed 718 patients from the Neuro-oncology Clinic at the University of California, San Francisco, between 2002 and 2006. They completed an interview on CAM use and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Brain (FACT-Br) QOL questionnaire.

Chromatin changes on the GSTP1 promoter associated with its inactivation in prostate cancer.

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are metabolic enzymes that help detoxify and eliminate harmful chemicals. In prostate tumors, expression of GST pi (encoded by GSTP1) is frequently lost because of promoter hypermethylation. Here we analyze the native GSTP1 promoter in cancerous and noncancerous human prostate cells to identify structural features associated with its cancer-related transcriptional silencing.

Short- and medium-term outcome differences in women and men after primary percutaneous transluminal mechanical revascularization for acute myocardial infarction.

Women presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a higher mortality with conventional medical and thrombolytic therapy when compared with men. The outcome after primary percutaneous transluminal mechanical revascularization has not yet been fully investigated. This study was performed to compare the characteristics and the short- and medium-term outcomes of women and men with AMI treated with primary percutaneous revascularization.

Screening mammography for frail older women: what are the burdens?

Objective: The potential benefits and harms of screening mammography in frail older women are unknown. Therefore, we studied the outcomes of a screening mammography policy that was instituted in a population of community-living nursing home-eligible women as a result of requirements of state auditors. We focused on the potential burdens that may be experienced.

Breast cancer: a global perspective.

The 2001 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) International Symposium, Breast Cancer: A Global Perspective, was conducted by members of the ASCO International Committee and additional speakers from around the world. An interactive format was chosen to: (1) learn how patterns of incidence, epidemiology, and causal biology relate to breast cancer around the world; (2) discuss the challenges in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer, as well as its socioeconomic impact in various regions; (3) describe international differences in approach to and management of advanced breast cancer; and (4) discuss treatment in terms of hormone response, clinical research, and drug metabolism. After a brief introduction, each speaker gave an overview of breast cancer challenges and issues in their country, and discussed how the following case might be diagnosed and treated: A 44-year-old mother who presents with a finding of a painless breast lump and no prior history of breast masses, trauma, or surgery.

Surgical management of neoplastic complications of Paget's disease.

Pagetic sarcoma is a rare anaplastic malignancy with a peak incidence in the seventh and eighth decades of life; it usually occurs in patients with polyostotic Paget's disease. The most common tumor type is osteosarcoma. In one-third of the cases, presentation is a spontaneous pathologic fracture of an affected long bone.

In vivo blood flow abnormalities in the transgenic knockout sickle cell mouse.

The accepted importance of circulatory impairment to sickle cell anemia remains to be verified by in vivo experimentation. Intravital microscopy studies of blood flow in patients are limited to circulations that can be viewed noninvasively and are restricted from deliberate perturbations of the circulation. Further knowledge of sickle blood flow abnormalities has awaited an animal model of human sickle cell disease.