Endoscopic assisted powered adenoidectomy versus conventional adenoidectomy - a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare endoscopic assisted powered adenoidectomy with conventional curettage adenoidectomy.

Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Fifty patients with a symptom complex pertaining to adenoid hypertrophy and requiring adenoidectomy were chosen and divided into 2 groups of 25 each.

Mutational spectrum and identification of five novel mutations in G6PC1 gene from a cohort of Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a.

Background: Glycogen storage disease type-1a is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in G6PC1 gene leading to deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase-α specifically in the liver/kidney/intestine.

Patients And Methods: DNA of six unrelated Indian GSD-1a patients were screened for mutations in the entire coding region of G6PC1 gene followed by direct DNA sequencing and functional was tested using glucose-6-phosphatase assay.

Results: Mutational screening of GSD-1a patients identified five novel mutations, viz.

ILAE Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies: An Update for the Pediatrician.

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) recently published an updated classification of seizures and epilepsy. This updated classification aims to have a better organized classification and ensure better understanding of terms, in addition to including new seizure types. As both seizures and epilepsy are important childhood conditions, we herein list some of the important aspects of the updated classification for the benefit of the general pediatricians.

Identifying Pathways Mediating Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity in Indian Children.

Objective: Overweight and obesity in children is associated with several metabolic and cardiovascular impairments, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the causal pathway from OSA to obesity is not fully known yet. The aim of this study was to explore the association between OSA and obesity-related metabolic outcomes in obese Indian children.

Inhaled Foreign Body Impaction: A Review of Literature in Malaysian Children.

Foreign body aspiration in children is a problem that can lead to several complications, including death. In this retrospective publication review from 1970 to 2015, there were altogether 42 Malaysian children below the age of 15 y reported with foreign body (FB) ingestion. There were 31 boys and 11 girls between 2 and 177 mo of age.

Is Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) Ultrasound Elastography Valuable in the Assessment of Cervical Lymphadenopathy?

Cervical lymphadenopathy frequently poses a diagnostic challenge as neither clinical nor imaging assessment can reliably differentiate between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy. Non-invasive differentiation between the two may help to reduce the number of FNAC or biopsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the new ARFI technique (Virtual Touch Quantification), in conjunction with gray scale sonography and Doppler, can help in the characterization and differentiation of benign from malignant cervical lymphadenopathy.

Autism Spectrum Disorders and Celiac Disease: Is there an Association?

We included 150 children aged 2-12 years with Autism Spectrum Disorders and normal serum total IgA levels, and screened them for celiac disease using anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA levels. All the children were screen negative, suggesting lack of positive association between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Celiac disease.

Synovial sarcoma of the ethmoid sinus.

Introduction: Synovial sarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumour typically occurring in the extremities. Its occurrence in the head and neck region, particularly in the paranasal sinuses is extremely rare.

Case Report: Here, we report a case of primary synovial sarcoma of the ethmoid sinus in a 36-year-old female and review the literature of synovial sarcomas arising from the ethmoid sinus.

Dedifferentiation of oncocytic epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma to mucoepidermoid carcinoma in parotid gland: A rare case report.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas (EMCs) account for <1% of all salivary gland malignancies. Till now, 23 cases of dedifferentiated EMC have been reported to the best of our knowledge. However, dedifferentiation of oncocytic EMC to mucoepidermoid carcinoma is extremely rare.

Prevalence of Unrecognized Autism Spectrum Disorders in Epilepsy: A Clinic-Based Study.

Objective: To assess prevalence of unrecognized autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children with epilepsy using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) criteria and to evaluate factors affecting it in this population. It was a cross-sectional study conducted at a teaching hospital. It included randomly selected 106 children in the age 4-12 years with epilepsy, and without any structural anomaly identifiable on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.

Adrenocortical Suppression in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome Treated with Low-Dose Alternate Day Corticosteroids.

Corticosteroids form the mainstay of therapy for all forms of nephrotic syndrome. The long-term use of this medication is associated with serious side effects including adrenocortical suppression. The primary objective of this study was to identify adrenocortical suppression (assessed by single morning serum cortisol levels) in children with nephrotic syndrome on treatment with low-dose alternate day steroids.

Complication of an Odontogenic Infection to an Orbital Abscess: The Role of a Medical Fraudster ("Quack").

Introduction: Complication of an odontogenic infection to an orbital abscess is not a common presentation. The progression from a simple toothache to a condition that may lead to loss of vision is sudden and severe.

Case Report: We report a rare case in which a patient developed facial cellulitis that progressed to orbital abscess after unsterile dental manipulation by a medical fraudster ("quack").

Intrauterine Copper Device (CuT380A) as a Contraceptive Method in the Indian Context: Acceptability, Safety and Efficacy Depending on the Timing of Insertion.

Background: Ideal time of Intrauterine copper device (IUCD) insertion either to space or limit births in Indian women should be known to check fertility effectively and safely. We therefore aimed to compare various IUCD related clinical factors to assess its acceptability, safety and efficacy in immediate postpartum vaginal insertion, intra-caesarean insertion, delayed postpartum insertion and interval insertion at a tertiary-care centre in India.

Methods: It was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from July 2013 to July 2014.

Impending Rupture of Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Mimicking Peritonsillar Abscess.

Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare but important entity. Impending rupture of such aneurysms can lead to catastrophic hemorrhage, airway compromise and may prove fatal. The authors report a case of true aneurysm of cervical internal carotid artery in a four-year-old girl who presented with fever and swelling of neck and oropharynx.

Novel pathomorphologic classification of capsulo-articular lesions of the pubic symphysis in athletes to predict treatment and outcome.

Introduction: Radiographic abnormalities of the symphysis as well as the formation of accessory clefts, indicating injury at the rectus-adductor aponeurosis, reportedly relate to longstanding groin pain in athletes. However, yet, no systematic classification for clinical and scientific purposes exists. We aimed to (1) create a radiographic classification based on symphysography; (2) test intra- and interobserver reliability; (3) characterise clinical significance of the morphologic patterns by evaluating success of injection therapy.

Role of uroflowmetry before and after hypospadias repair.

Aims: To study the role of uroflowmetry in the preoperative and early postoperative period in children undergoing hypospadias repair.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six cases undergoing hypospadias repair over 1 year (tubularized incised plate [TIP] Snodgrass [17 patients], TIP with Snodgraft [5 patients], Duckett's onlay flap [2 patients], and Duckett's tube [2 patients] urethroplasty) were prospectively evaluated with preoperative ultrasound and uroflowmetry and postoperative uroflowmetry at 3 months after the surgery and at 6 and 9 months interval if these dates fell within the study period on follow-up. The parameters studied were maximum flow rate (Q), average flow rate (Q), total voided volume, voiding time, and type of curve.

Anesthesia for intellectually disabled.

Anesthetizing an intellectually disabled patient is a challenge due to lack of cognition and communication which makes perioperative evaluation difficult. The presence of associated medical problems and lack of cooperation further complicates the anesthetic technique. An online literature search was performed using keywords anesthesia, intellectually disabled, and mentally retarded and relevant articles were included for review.