Unusual Occurrence of Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor in Hoffa's Fat Pad: A Potential Differential Diagnosis for Nontraumatic Knee Swelling and Pain.

A tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a benign lesion whose presence in Hoffa's pad has rarely been reported. This unique case report discusses a 33-year-old female patient who presented with swelling and pain in her left knee. Clinical and MRI findings were used to make the diagnosis, which was confirmed on a histopathological basis.

Identification of Essential, Equivocal and Complex Autism by the Autism Dysmorphology Measure: An Observational Study.

The Autism Dysmorphology Measure is designed for non-expert clinicians. It uses an algorithm to assess 12 body regions and categorizes Autism on the number of dysmorphic regions identified; Essential (≤ 3), Equivocal (4-5) or Complex (≥ 6). We evaluated 200 Indian children with Autism (mean age 3.

Quality of life and its determinants among people living with HIV attending an antiretroviral treatment center in Delhi, India.

Background: With universal access to antiretroviral treatment (ART), the management of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) encompasses holistic, comprehensive care. Despite being a vital goal of care, quality of life (QOL) assessment of PLHIV in India is neglected.

Objectives: This study assessed the QOL and its determinants among PLHIV accessing services through ART centers.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recently published the first pediatric guidelines for the management of children, adolescent and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The recommendations for diagnosis, work up, genetic evaluation, treatment and follow up of pediatric ALL have been provided. Genetic risk factors and newer therapeutic agents have been discussed.

Effect of Rehydration With Normal Saline Versus Ringer Lactate on Serum Sodium Level of Children With Acute Diarrhea and Severe Dehydration: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To demonstrate the equivalence of Normal Saline (NS) and Ringer Lactate (RL) for change in serum sodium levels during correction of severe dehydration in children with acute diarrhea based on World Health Organization (WHO) plan C.

Design: Equivalence randomized control trial.

Setting: Pediatric diarrhea unit of a tertiary care hospital from May, 2016 to April, 2017.

Giant Cell Tumor of the Ring Finger Distal Phalanx.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm generally located in the epiphysis and metaphysis of the long bones. Its occurrence in the bones of the hand is rare. Giant cell tumors occurring in the hand account for only 2% of all the GCTs reported.

Paracetamol versus Ibuprofen for the Acute Treatment of Migraine Headache in Children: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral paracetamol and oral ibuprofen for the management of acute headache in children with migraine without aura.

Methods: This randomized-controlled trial was done at the Pediatric department of a public hospital in India between 20 May, 2017 and 22 March, 2018, and enrolled children (aged 6-12 y) with Migraine without aura as per International Classification for Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria. The 50 patients (21 females, mean age 9.

Global Strategy on Digital Health.

Digital technology has been a revolutionary foray in education, industry, research and recently, healthcare. Digital health encompasses various aspects of technology like information and communication, mobile health, data-recording and telemedicine. There has been an exponential and unregulated increase in digital health services in last few years which have raised concerns over data privacy, ethical standards and quality of services.

Endoscopic visualisation of the round window during cochlear implantation.

Background: Endoscopes provide a magnified view of the middle ear and visualisation of hidden areas. Otoendoscopes facilitate excellent visualisation of the round window niche during cochlear implantation.

Objective: To compare microscopic and endoscopic visualisation of the round window membrane during cochlear implantation in 20 patients.

Changes in Lung Function Parameters after Total Intravenous Anaesthesia and Balanced Anaesthesia with Desflurane: A Prospective Randomised Study.

Objective: Following anaesthesia, there is a decrease in pulmonary function. Unlike volatile anaesthetics, propofol decreases the upper airway tone, and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol may decrease coughing on emergence. Coughing may reduce postoperative atelectasis.

Infection associated relapses in children with nephrotic syndrome: A short-term outcome study.

Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) encounter multiple episodes of relapses associated/triggered by an episode of infection. The primary objective of this study was to find the proportion of infection associated relapses that resolve on the treatment of acute infection over an observation period of two weeks in children with NS. This prospective observational study enrolled 45 children with steroid-sensitive NS presenting with an infection associated relapse during the study period (February 2015 to February 2016).

Future therapies in melasma: What lies ahead?

Melasma is a common, acquired, symmetrical hypermelanosis. It negatively impacts the patient's quality of life and responds poorly to treatment. Although earlier classified as epidermal and dermal, melasma is now thought to be a complex interaction between epidermal melanocytes, keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, mast cells, and vascular endothelial cells.

Ectopic Cervical Thymus in an Infant with Normal Orthotopic Thymus: Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Management.

Ectopic cervical thymus (ECT) is a rare cause of solid cervical mass in the pediatric age group. The location of the mass along the path of thymic descent (thymopharyngeal duct), sonographic echo pattern and MR signal intensity identical to that of normal orthotopic thymus in the anterior mediastinum help us in making a confident diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge only nine cases have been reported in infants in the literature.

Predicting Outcome in Neonates with Possible Clinical Sepsis by Estimating an Early Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II (SNAP-II).

Objectives: To determine role of Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-II (SNAP-II) and its individual parameters assessed within 12 h of suspicion of neonatal sepsis in predicting outcomes; study its distribution across gestational ages and determine its relation with survival duration among expired neonates.

Methods: This prospective observational study conducted in a newborn unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital over 1 year included intramural neonates with birth weight ≥1000 g and gestation ≥28 weeks suspected with sepsis and assigned SNAP-II score within 12 h of suspicion. On day 14 of enrollment, they were categorized into three outcome groups: death (D), survival with organ dysfunction (SOD) and survival without organ dysfunction (SWOD).

Testing Modalities for Inborn Errors of Metabolism - What a Clinician Needs to Know?

The present century is being hailed as the century for genetic therapies, and inborn errors of metabolism is leading the way. As we gear ourselves for treating children with genetic and metabolic disorders, the key is to recognize them early and accurately for best outcomes. In these changing times with advent of technology, clinicians are now more aware, exposed and well equipped with the armamentarium of diagnostic modalities.

The 3-Question Approach: A Simplified Framework for Selecting Study Designs.

Conventional algorithms for selecting study designs are difficult to use for a novice researcher, especially the postgraduate students. An inherent limitation of using the existing algorithms is the requirement of a priori knowledge of the characteristics of various study designs. We propose a simple and novel 3-question approach to select study designs.

Comparative evaluation of round window niche accessibility pre-operatively on high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone with intra-operative findings.

Objective: To compare round window niche visibility as seen endoscopically during cochlear implant surgery with pre-operative high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone.

Methods: Nineteen patients scheduled for cochlear implantation, aged 2-20 years, were referred for computed tomography from October 2016 to March 2018. Angles were measured between the lines passing through the mid-sagittal plane and cochlear basal turn on the scans.

Internal Carotid Artery Bleed: A Rare Complication of Invasive Sphenoidal Aspergillosis.

Background: Invasive sinonasal aspergillosis is rarely seen in immunocompetent individuals. It may involve adjacent intracranial and intraorbital structures causing high morbidity and mortality.

Case Description: We report a rare case of invasive Aspergillus sinusitis in a young, immunocompetent woman causing headache and vision loss.

Giant De Novo Pleomorphic Adenoma of Parapharyngeal Space, Can It Cause Spinal Deformity? A Case Report.

Study Design: Case report.

Introduction: De novo giant pleomorphic adenoma is a rare tumor of the parapharyngeal space (PPS). Tumors of the PPS can grow to a large size, compromising the space of the upper aerodigestive tract.