Efficacy of bladder neck incision on urodynamic abnormalities in patients with posterior urethral valves.

Purpose: This study aims to study the efficacy of simultaneous endoscopic bladder neck incision (BNI) and primary endoscopic valve incision (PEVI) in patients with posterior urethral valves (PUV).

Materials And Methods: Nine PUV patients underwent PEVI and BNI over a year. They were compared to nine comparable historical controls that had undergone only PEVI.

Does high viral load of hepatitis E virus influence the severity and prognosis of acute liver failure during pregnancy?

The incidence and mortality in pregnant women with acute liver failure caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) is high. Data on the viral load of HEV during pregnancy are limited. The study was designed to determine the viral load of HEV and its association with the disease severity in patients with acute liver failure.

Streptococcus agalactiae causing pyometra in an elderly female with cervical cancer.

Streptococcus agalactiae is an important cause of invasive infections in neonates and is emerging as an important pathogen in elderly females. S. agalactiae is a commensal organism of the female genital tract; however, isolation from the uterine cavity suggests ascending infection of this organism caused by occlusion of the uterine cavity.

Prevalence of preventable ear disorders in over 15,000 schoolchildren in northern India.

Background: There is a considerable scarcity of reliable population-based data on the prevalence of preventable ear disorders in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preventable ear disorders in primary school children (aged 5 to 12 years) in northern India.

Method: A pro forma questionnaire was used to screen 15 718 primary school children in New Delhi for ear disorders.

Isolated involvement of the posterior elements in spinal tuberculosis: a review of twenty-four cases.

Background: The literature on tuberculosis of the posterior spinal elements without involvement of the vertebral body is scarce. In this study we report our experience with twenty-four cases of neural arch tuberculosis that were treated at our center.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the clinical and radiographic data of twenty-four consecutive patients who had tuberculosis of the posterior spinal elements with total sparing of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc space.

Distraction osteogenesis using a monolateral external fixator for infected non-union of the femur with bone loss.

Purpose: To review records of 15 patients who underwent distraction osteogenesis/bone transport using a monolateral external fixator for infected non-union of the femoral shaft.

Methods: 13 men and 2 women aged 18 to 47 years underwent adequate debridement and resection of nonviable bone, followed by bone transport using a monolateral external fixator for infected non-union of the femoral shaft with bone loss. All patients had a bone defect of >5 cm.

Evaluation of a parent-based behavioral intervention program for children with autism in a low-resource setting.

Background: Intensive behavioral intervention programs are recommended for children with autism. However, in resource-constraint settings, such programs are largely inaccessible, and there is an urgent need for development of low-cost interventions.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a parent-based behavioral intervention program in Indian autistic children.

Children with developmental disabilities in India: age of initial concern and referral for rehabilitation services, and reasons for delay in referral.

This study aimed to identify the age at first concern and age at referral for rehabilitation services in children with developmental disabilities in India. Two hundred fifty-nine children were included and data were collected from the parents. In children with developmental disabilities (excluding autism spectrum disorders), median age at initial concern was 7 months and age at referral for rehabilitation services was 13 months.

Comparison of cutout resistance of dynamic condylar screw and proximal femoral nail in reverse oblique trochanteric fractures: A biomechanical study.

Background: Reverse oblique trochanteric fracture of femur is a distinct fracture pattern. 95° Dynamic condylar screw (DCS) and proximal femoral nail (PFN) are currently the most commonly used implants for its fixation. This study aims to biomechanically compare the cutout resistance as well as modes of failure of DCS and PFN in reverse oblique trochanteric fractures.

A prospective nonrandomized comparison of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication in Indian population using detailed objective and subjective criteria.

Background: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) worldwide. However, unfavourable postoperative sequel, including gas bloat and dysphagia, has encouraged surgeons to perform alternative procedures such as laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (LTF). This prospective nonrandomized study was designed to compare LNF with LTF in patients with GERD.

Hip fracture patients in India have vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Summary: This study evaluated the parameters of bone mineral homeostasis including 25(OH)D and PTH in 90 Indian patients with hip fracture and 90 controls. Hypovitaminosis D, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and biochemical osteomalacia was present in 77, 69, and 50 % patients, respectively, significantly higher compared to controls. Vitamin D deficiency is an important risk factor for hip fracture.

Broken guidewire protruding into the hip joint: A bone endoscopic-assisted retrieval method.

Broken implants, especially broken wires at difficult sites, may pose a challenge for the treating orthopedic surgeon. We describe a method for extraction of a broken guidewire that was, protruding into the hip joint following the insertion of a proximal femoral nail. A 35-year-old man with displaced femoral neck fracture with ipsilateral fracture shaft of femur was operated and fixed with long proximal femoral nail.

Heterotopic pancreas causing duodenal obstruction in a patient previously treated for choledochal cyst.

A 9-year-old boy presented with duodenal pancreatic rest causing obstruction and required surgical intervention. He had been treated at the age of 4 months for a choledochal cyst. Both choledochal cyst and heterotopic pancreas are entities that are commonly encountered in children, but the incidental presence of both the entities in the same child, albeit presenting metachronously, is extremely rare.

Molecular and circulatory expression of insulin growth factors in Indian females with advanced cervical cancer.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated an association between insulin growth factor (IGF) and insulin growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-III) serum levels and increased risk for various cancers. However, little information is available on clinical implications of the IGF system in Indian patients with cervical cancer. This study explored associations by analyzing their expression profiles in cervical cancer cases.

Availing services for developmental disabilities: parental experiences from a referral center in developing country.

Objectives: To identify the problems faced by parents of children with developmental disabilities in availing rehabilitative services and to find their satisfaction level.

Methods: This study was carried out at a Child Development Clinic (CDC) located in Northern India. Children with developmental disabilities, who were availing services at CDC for at least last 3 mo and had at least 3 follow-up visits, were enrolled.

Ages and Stages Questionnaire as a screening tool for developmental delay in Indian children.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of Ages and Stages Questionnaire, a parent completed developmental screening questionnaire to detect developmental delay in Indian children.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Child Development Clinic of a tertiary care center located in Northern India.

Resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.

Thirty-five HIV-1 infected patients showing clinical and/or immunological failure to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) according to WHO criteria were recruited from the ART center of Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi to detect the presence of resistance-mutations in reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) region of pol gene of HIV-1. Plasma viral load (PVL) was estimated. HIV-1 pol gene region encoding complete protease and reverse transcriptase (codons; 1-232 to 1-242) was reverse transcribed, followed by nested PCR.

Serum lactate levels as the predictor of outcome in pediatric septic shock.

Background And Aims: An association of high lactate levels with mortality has been found in adult patients with septic shock. However, there is controversial literature regarding the same in children. The aim of this study was to find the correlation of serum lactate levels in pediatric septic shock with survival.

Atypical Cogan syndrome mimicking acute rheumatic fever.

Cogan syndrome is a syndrome of non-syphilitic interstitial keratitis associated with vestibuloauditory deficits. We report a 10 year-old male child who presented with fever, acute polyarthritis, and unilateral red eye and was diagnosed as acute rheumatic fever. Subsequently unilateral hearing loss was detected and the child was diagnosed to have atypical Cogan syndrome.

Tubercular spinal epidural abscess involving the dorsal-lumbar-sacral region without osseous involvement.

Musculoskeletal tuberculosis is known for its ability to present in various forms and guises at different sites. Tubercular spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon infectious entity. Its presence without associated osseous involvement may be considered an extremely rare scenario.

Referral profile of a child development clinic in northern India.

Objective: To delineate the demographic and clinical profile of children referred to a Child Development Clinic (CDC) of a tertiary care public hospital in India.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of all the cases referred to CDC in the year 2009 was conducted.

Results: Out of the 792 children referred to CDC, complete medical records were available in 641 cases, which comprised the study population.