Equity and use of telehealth modalities among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 forced a rapid transition to telehealth. Little is known about the use of telephone versus video visits among people living with or at risk for HIV (PWH).

Setting: We studied electronic health record data from an urban HIV clinic.

"We All Want to Be Able to Tell You Something Hopeful": Clinicians' Experiences Providing Maternal-Fetal Surgery Counseling.

Introduction: Prenatal counseling about maternal-fetal surgery can be traumatic and confusing for pregnant people. It can also be technically and emotionally complex for clinicians. As maternal-fetal surgery rapidly advances and becomes more common, more evidence is needed to inform counseling practices.

Development and Validation of a Novel Instrument to Measure the Community Well-Being of Residency Programs.

Purpose: To develop and validate the Residency Community Well-Being (RCWB) instrument, a novel instrument to measure the subjective community well-being of an individual residency program, and to explore differences in RCWB scores between demographic groups.

Method: An initial questionnaire to measure a residency program's community well-being was developed after literature review. Items were pilot tested, and the questionnaire was reviewed by experts in the fields of residency education, survey design, and sociology.

Understanding Sociodemographic Disparities in Maternal-Fetal Surgery Study Participation.

Background/purpose: Although maternal-fetal surgery to treat fetal anomalies such as spina bifida continues to grow more common, potential health disparities in the field remain relatively unexamined. To address this gap, we identified maternal-fetal surgery studies with the highest level of evidence and analyzed the reporting of participant sociodemographic characteristics and representation of racial and ethnic groups.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature using biomedical databases.

Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: ASCO Guideline.

Purpose: To increase awareness, outline strategies, and offer guidance on the recommended management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of medical oncology, neurology, hematology, emergency medicine, nursing, trialists, and advocacy experts was convened to develop the guideline. Guideline development involved a systematic literature review and an informal consensus process.

Brief Report: Are Serious Falls Associated With Subsequent Fragility Fractures Among Veterans Living With HIV?

Background: The extensive research on falls and fragility fractures among persons living with HIV (PWH) has not explored the association between serious falls and subsequent fragility fracture. We explored this association.

Setting: Veterans Aging Cohort Study.

COVID-19 Sources of Information, Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors Among the US Adult Population.

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 20 million cases and 350 000 deaths in the United States. With the ongoing media coverage and spread of misinformation, public health authorities need to identify effective strategies and create culturally appropriate and evidence-based messaging that best encourage preventive health behaviors to control the spread of COVID-19.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between COVID-19 sources of information and knowledge, and how US adults' knowledge may be associated with preventive health behaviors to help mitigate COVID-19 cases and deaths.

Nonantiretroviral polypharmacy and adverse health outcomes among HIV-infected and uninfected individuals.

Background: HIV-positive individuals (HIV+) on antiretrovirals commonly take enough other medications to cross a threshold for polypharmacy but little is known about associated outcomes. We asked whether non-antiretroviral polypharmacy is associated with hospitalization and mortality and whether associations differ by HIV status.

Methods: Data on HIV+ and uninfected individuals in the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System were analyzed.

Gender-Specific Combination HIV Prevention for Youth in High-Burden Settings: The MP3 Youth Observational Pilot Study Protocol.

Background: Nearly three decades into the epidemic, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the region most heavily affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with nearly 70% of the 34 million people living with HIV globally residing in the region. In SSA, female and male youth (15 to 24 years) are at a disproportionately high risk of HIV infection compared to adults. As such, there is a need to target HIV prevention strategies to youth and to tailor them to a gender-specific context.

Fracture Prediction With Modified-FRAX in Older HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men.

Background: FRAX is a validated, computer-based clinical fracture risk calculator that estimates the 10-year risk of major osteoporotic (clinical spine, forearm, hip, or shoulder) fracture, and hip fracture alone. It is widely used for decision making in fracture prevention, but it may underestimate the risk in HIV-infected individuals. Some experts recommend considering HIV as a cause of secondary osteoporosis when calculating FRAX in HIV-infected individuals.

Self-management for adult patients with cancer: an integrative review.

Background: Individuals with cancer are surviving long term, categorizing cancer as a chronic condition, and with it, numerous healthcare challenges. Symptoms, in particular, can be burdensome and occur from prediagnosis through many years after treatment. Symptom severity is inversely associated with functional status and quality of life.

Impact of financial burden of cancer on survivors' quality of life.

Purpose: Little is known about the relationship between the financial burden of cancer and the physical and emotional health of cancer survivors. We examined the association between financial problems caused by cancer and reported quality of life in a population-based sample of patients with cancer.

Methods: Data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed.

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in children with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness.

Although originally developed for the treatment of hypertension, alpha(2)-agonists have been used to treat Tourette's syndrome, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental disorders and substance abuse for nearly three decades. Based on studies of clonidine, alpha(2)-agonists were presumed to reduce arousal by decreasing the firing of noradrenaline neurons in locus ceruleus. Accumulated preclinical evidence indicates that guanfacine has features in common with clonidine, in addition to other pharmacological effects.