Oxidized LDL and small LDL particle size are independently predictive of a selective defect in microcirculatory endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To explore the associations of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particle size and oxidized LDL with endothelium-dependent function of the forearm microcirculation in diabetes.

Methods: Endothelium-dependent function was examined in 43 middle-aged men and women with type 2 diabetes and 10 age-matched controls. All received aspirin to inhibit endothelial cyclo-oxygenase.

Mechanisms, significance and treatment of vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on lipid-regulating therapy.

Endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness occur early in the pathogenesis of diabetic vasculopathy. They are both powerful independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. Advances in non-invasive methodologies have led to widespread clinical investigation of these abnormalities in diabetes mellitus, generating a wealth of new knowledge concerning the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction, risk factor associations and potential treatment targets.

Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives.

In population studies, higher blood pressure has been associated with lower intake of protein and, possibly, lower fiber consumption. In the present randomized controlled trial, we sought to determine whether dietary protein and fiber had additive effects on blood pressure reduction in hypertensives. Treated hypertensive patients changed for 4 weeks (familiarization) to a diet low in protein (12.

Stages of change for health-related behaviours in 18 year-old Australians.

Abstract This study investigated the validity of a Stages of Change algorithm with respect to independent measures of physical activity and fitness. dietary intake and alcohol consumption in 18 year-old Ausmlian men (n = 301) and women (n = 282). Stage of Change categories were related to fat and fibre intakes in men and fibre intake in women as well as hit and vegetable intakes in men and women.

Cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid may be important mediators in angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction in the rat mesentery in vivo.

We have investigated the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP-450) metabolites of arachidonic acid in the modulation of vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in vivo using an in situ blood-perfused mesenteric preparation in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Miconazole, a non-selective inhibitor of CYP-450 that inhibits both hydroxylation and epoxidation, substantially suppressed mesenteric vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II in SHR, but had no effect on responses to noradrenaline or sympathetic nerve stimulation. In normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, miconazole caused only a modest suppression of vasoconstrictor responses to angiotensin II.

Lifestyle and hypertension--an overview.

Dietary and other lifestyle factors play a major role in the prevalence of hypertension. Many of the behaviours likely to reduce blood pressure also have independent beneficial effects on other cardiovascular risk factors to general health and survival. This is particularly the case with weight control, exercise, dietary patterns characterised by a low intake of saturated fat and a high intake of fruit, vegetables and fish and moderation of heavy alcohol consumption.

Effects of coffee on ambulatory blood pressure in older men and women: A randomized controlled trial.

This study assessed the effects of regular coffee drinking on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in normotensive and hypertensive older men and women. Twenty-two normotensive and 26 hypertensive, nonsmoking men and women, with a mean age of 72.1 years (range, 54 to 89 years), took part in the study.

Predictors of medication use, compliance and symptoms of hypotension in a community-based sample of elderly men and women.

Objective: To investigate use of prescription and non-prescription drugs, predictors of drug use and symptoms of postprandial and postural hypotension were examined in 765 men and 846 women.

Method: A questionnaire mailed to 6324 subjects randomly chosen from the electoral roll.

Results: Drug use, both prescription and non-prescription, was greater (P < 0.