The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on lifestyle behaviors in U.S. college students.

Objective: To investigate COVID-19's impact on college student health behaviors.

Participants: 189 college students.

Methods: Participants completed an online survey on behaviors relating to sleep, sedentary activities, and physical activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Temporal patterns of physical activity in successful weight loss maintainers.

Background/objectives: Individuals successful at weight loss maintenance engage in high amounts of physical activity (PA). Understanding how and when weight loss maintainers accumulate PA within a day and across the week may inform PA promotion strategies and recommendations for weight management.

Methods: We compared patterns of PA in a cohort of weight loss maintainers (WLM, n = 28, maintaining ≥13.

Suboptimal Tongue Pressure Is Associated with Risk of Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals.

The tongue plays an important role in swallowing, and its dysfunction theoretically leads to inadequate oral intake and subsequent malnutrition. This study aimed to explore how different levels of tongue pressure are related to malnutrition among community-dwelling older individuals. The target population was community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years.

Optimizing Chronic Pain Treatment with Enhanced Neuroplastic Responsiveness: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Chronic pain affects mental and physical health and alters brain structure and function. Interventions that reduce chronic pain are also associated with changes in the brain. A number of non-invasive strategies can promote improved learning and memory and increase neuroplasticity in older adults.

Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections: A Five-Year Retrospective Study among Blood Donors in Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana.

Methods: A five-year hospital-based retrospective study was carried out among 8605 blood donors comprising 8517 males and 88 females using data on blood donors from Saboba Assemblies of God Hospital located in the Saboba District in the Northern Region of Ghana from 2013 to 2017. Blood bank records on HBV and HCV potential blood donors who visited the hospital to donate blood were retrieved. Donor demographic details, i.

Examining the Role of Exercise Timing in Weight Management: A Review.

Many adults cite exercise as a primary strategy for losing weight, yet exercise alone is modestly effective for weight loss and results in variable weight loss responses. It is possible that some of the variability in weight loss may be explained by the time of day that exercise is performed. Few studies have directly compared the effects of exercise performed at different times of the day (i.

Sarcopenia Is Associated With Increased Risks of Rotator Cuff Tendon Diseases Among Community-Dwelling Elders: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Ultrasound Study.

Recently, the association between sarcopenia and various musculoskeletal disorders, such as lumbar spine stenosis and fibromyalgia, has been highlighted. However, the relationship between sarcopenia and rotator cuff tendon diseases has rarely been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate whether sarcopenia was associated with shoulder pain and to determine whether rotator cuff tendons differed in echotexture between the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic populations.

Sleep in Persons Living with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.

Over a typical lifespan, the amount of time people spend each day sleeping decreases. Sleep patterns also change as people age. Sleep disorders are common among persons of all ages, and older adults are particularly vulnerable.

Acute effects of sedentary breaks on vascular health in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence regarding the acute effects of interrupting/breaking up prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) on vascular health among individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted on April 7, 2020. Included studies: (1) examined the effect of breaking up prolonged SB in adults with or at elevated risk for T2D and (2) assessed a vascular health outcome, such as blood pressure (BP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse-wave velocity, or endothelin-1.

Longitudinal Examination of Prenatal Tobacco Switching Behaviors and Birth Outcomes, Including Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) and Dual Use.

Introduction: In the US, approximately 8% of pregnant women smoke, and 5-11.9% currently use ENDS products. The health effects of ENDS use are debated; however, most contain nicotine which is known to cause adverse perinatal outcomes.

Shame in medical clerkship: "You just feel like dirt under someone's shoe".

Introduction: This study explores how senior medical students' experience and react to shame during clinical placements by asking them to reflect on (1) manifestations of shame experiences, (2) situations and social interactions that give rise to shame, and (3) perceived effects of shame on learning and professional identity development.

Methods: In this interpretive study, the authors recruited 16 senior medical students from two classes at a Norwegian medical school. In three focus group interviews, participants were invited to reflect on their experiences of shame.

Enhancing Dementia Education and Cognitive Screening in A Haitian Population: A Faith-based Approach.

Ethnically diverse Americans experience 1.8-2.5 times higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than Whites (Mayeda, et al.

Moving Toward a Human Rights Approach to Mental Health.

The University of Florida Counseling and Wellness Center (UFCWC) has implemented peer support and professional training programs to address human rights identified within advocacy groups comprised of individuals who have, themselves, been diagnosed with mental illness. These programs are moving the UFCWC toward fulfilling a 2017 United Nations report emphasizing rights-based professional training, provision of genuine informed consent, and availability of non-compromised peer support alternatives. Collaborating with student peers, four UFCWC faculty members have facilitated forms of peer support developed within service-user movements, while openly identifying experiences of reclaiming their own lives from the impacts of adversity, intense mental distress, and traumatizing responses of others to their distress.

Predictors of Family Dissatisfaction with Support During Neurocritical Care Shared Decision-Making.

Background: There is a critical need to improve support for families making difficult shared decisions about patient care with clinicians in the neuroscience ICU (neuro-ICU). The aim of this study is to identify patient- and family-related factors associated with dissatisfaction with shared decision-making support among families of neuro-critically ill patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study using survey data that had been collected from a consecutive sample of family members of patients in the neuro-ICU (one family member per patient) at two US academic centers.

Underreporting of energy intake in weight loss maintainers.

Background: Individuals with overweight or obesity commonly underreport energy intake (EI), but it is unknown if the tendency to underreport persists in formerly obese individuals who lose significant weight and maintain their weight loss over long periods of time.

Objective: Assess the accuracy of self-reported EI in successful weight loss maintainers (WLM) compared with controls of normal body weight (NC) and controls with overweight/obesity (OC).

Methods: Participants for this case-controlled study were recruited in 3 groups: WLM [n = 26, BMI (in kg/m2) 24.

Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Patient Experience in the Inland Empire, California.

Analyzing secondary data from a 2015 survey of 90 transgender and gender nonconforming individuals in California's Inland Empire, this study reports frequencies of physical and mental health and health care access and discrimination outcomes and differences by age, race/ethnicity, and sex assigned at birth. Nearly three-quarters of respondents reported positive physical health, yet only about half reported positive mental health-an outcome poorer for respondents <50 years. Lesser than 50% found it very easy to find providers for routine care and only 16% found it very easy to find a transgender-competent provider, underscoring the need for more health professional training.

Predictors of attendance during an exercise program for cancer survivors.

Purpose: Exercise programs delivered in community- or clinic-based settings improve physical and psychosocial outcomes among cancer survivors; however, adherence is essential to achieve such benefits. This study examined predictors of attendance to an exercise program in a large, diverse sample of cancer survivors.

Methods: Participants (n = 302) were enrolled in BfitBwell, an exercise program for adults diagnosed with cancer, and currently receiving or within 6 months of completing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Use of Ultrasonography Facilitates Noninvasive Evaluation of Lymphadenopathy in a Lymph Node Diagnostic Clinic.

Background: Prompt and accurate diagnosis of lymphadenopathy is important, yet there is wide variability in clinical approach and referral patterns, leading to unnecessary investigations and delays in diagnosis. To address this, a lymph node diagnostic clinic (LNDC) was established at our tertiary referral center.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 320 consecutive patients referred to the LNDC from March 2008 to March 2020, to describe their management and outcomes.

Validation of inducible basophil biomarkers: Time, temperature and transportation.

Background: The short stability window of several hours from blood collection to measuring basophil activation has limited the use of flow cytometry-based basophil activation assays in clinical settings. We examine if it is possible to extend this window to 1 day allowing for shipment of samples between laboratories. Several options exist for reporting the results including reporting all the measured values directly, calculating ratios and reporting a single value covering all measured results.

Community-Based Approaches to Reducing Health Inequities and Fostering Environmental Justice through Global Youth-Engaged Citizen Science.

Growing socioeconomic and structural disparities within and between nations have created unprecedented health inequities that have been felt most keenly among the world's youth. While policy approaches can help to mitigate such inequities, they are often challenging to enact in under-resourced and marginalized communities. Community-engaged participatory action research provides an alternative or complementary means for addressing the physical and social environmental contexts that can impact health inequities.

Applying the Haddon matrix conceptual model to guide motor vehicle crash injury research and prevention in Botswana.

Introduction: Little literature addresses the burden of injury in Botswana, including trauma from motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs). In response, the University of Botswana and the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness are collaborating with the University of Pennsylvania to enhance injury and trauma research capacity in Botswana. Here we describe this training program and a research exercise to identify opportunities to prevent, through future research and countermeasures, MVCs specifically in Botswana.

Expression of Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA Decreases in Sarcopenia and Increases after Exercise and Nutrition Intervention.

Sarcopenia is defined as aging-related loss of muscle mass and function. Telomere length in chromosomes shortens with age and is modulated by telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). This study aimed to explore the impact of aging and sarcopenia on telomere length and TERRA expression, and changes following strengthening exercise and nutrition intervention (supplement of branched-chain amino acids, calcium and vitamin D3) for 12 weeks in the sarcopenic population.

Behavioral and Enhanced Perinatal Intervention (B-EPIC): A randomized trial targeting tobacco use among opioid dependent pregnant women.

Background: Opioid use during pregnancy is a significant public health issue. The standard of care for treating opioid use disorder during pregnancy includes medications for opioid disorder (MOUD). However, tobacco use often goes unaddressed among pregnant women on MOUD.