Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

Objective: To evaluate the risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with pregnancies complicated by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study of HCV infection in pregnancy. Participants were screened for HCV infection with serum antibody tests, and each participant with a positive HCV result (case group) was matched with up to two individuals with negative HCV results (control group) prospectively by gestational age (±2 weeks) at enrollment.

Optimizing Opioid Prescription Quantity After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To test whether an individualized opioid-prescription protocol (IOPP) with a shared decision-making component can be used without compromising postcesarean pain management.

Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled noninferiority trial, we compared IOPP with shared decision making with a fixed quantity of opioid tablets at hospital discharge. We recruited at 31 centers participating in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network.

Topical Diclofenac to Manage Opioid-Refractory Pain in a Rare Pancreatic Fibrosarcoma.

Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is frequently associated with severe pain. Traditional pain management in this condition may be improved with the use of topical diclofenac. A 39-year-old man with advanced pancreatic fibrosarcoma metastatic to the thoracic spine presented to the hospital with severe abdominal pain refractory to escalating doses of opioids.

Comparison of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Machine Learning Algorithms and Feature Selection on KEGG Database Microbial Gene Pathway Annotation and Its Effects on Reconstructed Network Topology.

The development of tools for the annotation of genes from newly sequenced species has not evolved much from homologous alignment to prior annotated species. While the quality of gene annotations continues to decline as we sequence and assemble more evolutionary distant gut microbiome species, machine learning presents a high quality alternative to traditional techniques. In this study, we investigate the relative performance of common classical and nonclassical machine learning algorithms in the problem of gene annotation using human microbiome-associated species genes from the KEGG database.

Quantifying Workload and Stress in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: Preliminary Evaluation Using Continuous Eye-Tracking.

Objective: (1) To assess mental workloads of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in 12-hour working shifts (days and nights) using eye movement data; (2) to explore the impact of stress on the ocular metrics of nurses performing patient care in the ICU.

Background: Prior studies have employed workload scoring systems or accelerometer data to assess ICU nurses' workload. This is the first naturalistic attempt to explore nurses' mental workload using eye movement data.

An Analysis of Patient Movements during Sustained Combat Operations in the US Central Command: Implications for Remote Support Capabilities.

Background: The US Central Command (CENTCOM) area of responsibility (AOR) spans 20 nations in the Middle East, Central, and South Asia. Evacuations outside this AOR include all injury types and severities; however, it remains unclear what proportion of evacuations were due to disease and non-battle injuries (DNBI). Understanding these patterns may be useful for defining future medical support requirements for multi domain operations (MDO).

ASCEND-7: Efficacy and Safety of Ceritinib Treatment in Patients with ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastatic to the Brain and/or Leptomeninges.

Purpose: Central nervous system metastases are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ALK-positive (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The phase II ASCEND-7 (NCT02336451) study was specifically designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the ALK inhibitor (ALKi) ceritinib in patients with ALK+ NSCLC metastatic to the brain and/or leptomeninges.

Patients And Methods: Patients with active brain metastases were allocated to study arms 1 to 4 based on prior exposure to an ALKi and/or prior brain radiation (arm 1: prior radiotherapy/ALKi-pretreated; arm 2: no radiotherapy/ALKi-pretreated; arm 3: prior radiotherapy/ALKi-naïve; arm 4: no radiotherapy/ALKi-naïve).

A Retrospective, Epidemiological Review of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Military Population.

Objective: Examine incidence rates of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in a military population over a tenyear period and whether demographic characteristics differ within the same population.

Methods: Diagnostic data and demographic variables from 23,821 active duty service members between 2006 and 2015 were analyzed from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database.

Results: The incidence rates of new onset cases ranged from .

Comprehensive Decision Support for Prehospital Combat Casualty Care: The Airway Clearance Model.

Airway management is a foremost priority for combat medics treating battlefield casualties, as a compromised airway is the second leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield, accounting for 1 in 10 preventable combat deaths. Effective suction is a critical component of airway clearance. However, currently available commercial devices are too heavy and bulky for combat medics to carry, and/or lack sufficient power to be useful.

"When Will I Feel Normal?": Disorienting Grief Responses Among Young Adults With Advanced Cancer.

Background: The diagnosis of an advanced cancer during young adulthood frequently entails the loss of confidence in physical function, as well as the certainty of achieving future social, vocational, and existential aspirations. These losses leave young adults with tenuous holds on facets of their life that foster hope and meaning.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the unique physical and psychosocial-spiritual losses and patterns of grief responses among young adults living with advanced cancer.

Disease Severity and Perinatal Outcomes of Pregnant Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity in pregnant patients and evaluate the association between disease severity and perinatal outcomes.

Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study of all pregnant patients with a singleton gestation and a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who delivered at 1 of 33 U.S.

Parameters of Aggressive Behavior in a Treatment-Seeking Sample of Military Personnel: A Secondary Analysis of Three Randomized Controlled Trials of Evidence-Based PTSD Treatments.

Aggressive behavior is prevalent among veterans of post-9/11 conflicts who have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about whether PTSD treatments reduce aggression or the direction of the association between changes in PTSD symptoms and aggression in the context of PTSD treatment. We combined data from three clinical trials of evidence-based PTSD treatment in service members (N = 592) to: (1) examine whether PTSD treatment reduces psychological (e.

Two Methods for Studying the Developmental Significance of Family Structure Trajectories.

Objective: The objective of this research note is to use both sequence analysis (SA) and repeated-measures latent class analysis (LCA) to identify children's family structure trajectories from birth through age 15 and compare how the two sets of trajectories predict alcohol use across the transition from adolescence into young adulthood.

Background: Contemporary family scholars have studied the influence of changes in family structure, often referred to as family structure instability, on child and adolescent development. Typically, this research has focused on either the number or type of transitions children have experienced, but statistical advances are increasing the viability of more complex person-centered approaches to this issue, such as SA and LCA.

Weekly Changes in Blame and PTSD Among Active-Duty Military Personnel Receiving Cognitive Processing Therapy.

Both negative posttraumatic cognitions and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms decrease over the course of cognitive-behavior therapy for PTSD; however, further research is needed to determine whether cognitive change precedes and predicts symptom change. The present study examined whether weekly changes in blame predicted subsequent changes in PTSD symptoms over the course of cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Participants consisted of 321 active duty U.

When International Humanitarian or Medical Missions Go Wrong: An Ethical Analysis.

Recent decades have seen a significant increase in physicians participating in international short-term missions to regions with limited or no access to health care by virtue of natural disaster or lack of resources. Recent publications in the ethics literature have explored the potential of these missions for unintentional harm to the intended beneficiaries. Less has been discussed about how to respond when harm actually occurs.

Unhealthy snack intake modifies the association between screen-based sedentary time and metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents.

Background: Excessive screen time has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adolescents; however, snack intake in front of screens may play a role in this association. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the association between screen-based sedentary time with MetS and whether this association is modified by unhealthy snack intake in front of screens.

Methods: This study was a nationwide, cross-sectional, school-based survey in Brazil including adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.

Molecular mechanisms for thermal degradation of CO-loaded aqueous monoethanolamine solution: a first-principles study.

Thermal degradation of aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), a benchmark solvent, in CO2 capture processes still remains a challenge. Here, we present molecular mechanisms underlying thermal degradation of MEA based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations coupled with metadynamics sampling. Isocyanate formation via dehydration of carbamic acid (MEACOOH) is predicted to be highly probable and more kinetically favorable than the competing cyclization-dehydration reaction to 2-oxazolidinone (OZD), albeit not substantially.

Electronic structure of CsPbBrCl perovskites: synthesis, experimental characterization, and DFT simulations.

All-inorganic lead halide perovskites of various compositions have emerged as a prospective family of materials for light-emitting devices and photonic applications. However, a comprehensive study of their structural and electronic properties is still missing. Moreover, thin film fabrication of these perovskites comprising heterohalide anions by wet chemistry approaches also remains challenging.

Evaluation of a nurse practitioner-led transitional care program.

Background: Transitional care management (TCM) is a growing field in the delivery of post hospital discharge care. Current data suggest that implemented nurse practitioner (NP)-led transitional care models can be useful in reducing 30-day readmission rates. However, there is lack of data regarding the costs involved to implement and sustain a transitional care model.

Differences in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Post-9/11 Veterans with Blast- and Non-Blast Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

The relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been difficult to disentangle, in part due to the commonality of incidents that can cause both conditions, as well as high rates of comorbidity between the two conditions. Inconsistent findings may be related to different study characteristics and types of mild TBI (mTBI) sustained (e.g.

UNDERSTANDING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ATTACHMENT TRAUMA AND MATERNAL SELF-EFFICACY IN DEPRESSED MOTHERS.

Maternal self-efficacy predicts sensitive and responsive caregiving. Low maternal self-efficacy is associated with a higher incidence of postpartum depression. Maternal self-efficacy and postpartum depression can both be buffered by social support.

Resonant silicon nanoparticles for enhancement of light absorption and photoluminescence from hybrid perovskite films and metasurfaces.

Recently, hybrid halide perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising types of materials for thin-film photovoltaic and light-emitting devices because of their low-cost and potential for high efficiency. Further boosting their performance without detrimentally increasing the complexity of the architecture is critically important for commercialization. Despite a number of plasmonic nanoparticle based designs having been proposed for solar cell improvement, inherent optical losses of the nanoparticles reduce photoluminescence from perovskites.