Is it Kawasaki shock syndrome, Kawasaki-like disease or pediatric inflammatory multisystem disease? The importance of semantic in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.

A few weeks after the peak of the global 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic, cases of shock, multisystem inflammation and severe myocarditis have occurred in children and adolescents, generating some concerns and above all many questions. An almost immediate association raised with shock syndrome related to Kawasaki disease (KD). However, in light of bo/th experience and literature have taught us about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection, and what already known on the epidemiology of KD, we suggest here the hypothesis of a new 'post-viral' systemic inflammatory disease related to excessive adaptive immune response rather than a form of KD caused by SARS-COV-2.

Cabazitaxel versus Abiraterone or Enzalutamide in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Background: The efficacy and safety of cabazitaxel, as compared with an androgen-signaling-targeted inhibitor (abiraterone or enzalutamide), in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were previously treated with docetaxel and had progression within 12 months while receiving the alternative inhibitor (abiraterone or enzalutamide) are unclear.

Methods: We randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, patients who had previously received docetaxel and an androgen-signaling-targeted inhibitor (abiraterone or enzalutamide) to receive cabazitaxel (at a dose of 25 mg per square meter of body-surface area intravenously every 3 weeks, plus prednisone daily and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) or the other androgen-signaling-targeted inhibitor (either 1000 mg of abiraterone plus prednisone daily or 160 mg of enzalutamide daily). The primary end point was imaging-based progression-free survival.

Managing Nonmetastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Context: Patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) have rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and castrate testosterone levels, with no radiological findings of metastatic disease on computed tomography and bone scan. Given recent drug approvals for nmCRPC, with many other therapeutics and imaging modalities being developed, management of nmCRPC is a rapidly evolving field that merits detailed investigation.

Objective: To review current nmCRPC management practices and identify opportunities for improving care of nmCRPC patients.

Circulating Tumor Cell Number as a Response Measure of Prolonged Survival for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Comparison With Prostate-Specific Antigen Across Five Randomized Phase III Clinical Trials.

Purpose Measures of response that are clinically meaningful and occur early are an unmet need in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer clinical research and practice. We explored, using individual patient data, week 13 circulating tumor cell (CTC) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response end points in five prospective randomized phase III trials that enrolled a total of 6,081 patients-COU-AA-301, AFFIRM, ELM-PC-5, ELM-PC-4, and COMET-1- ClinicalTrials.Gov identifiers: NCT00638690, NCT00974311, NCT01193257, NCT01193244, and NCT01605227, respectively.

Risk factors of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab in the French Registry REGATE.

Objectives: Observational studies have already reported the risk of serious infections in RA treated with tocilizumab, but in limited samples. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive risk factors for serious infections in the largest European registry of patients treated with tocilizumab for RA.

Methods: A total of 1491 RA patients included in the French REGistry-RoAcTEmra were analysed to calculate the incidence rate of first serious infections rate after initiation of tocilizumab.

Effect of Biologic Therapy on Clinical and Laboratory Features of Macrophage Activation Syndrome Associated With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Objective: To assess performance of the 2016 macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) classification criteria for patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who develop MAS while treated with biologic medications.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to identify patients with MAS while being treated with interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 blocking agents. Clinical and laboratory information was compared to a large previously compiled historical cohort.

Evolutionary Genetics of the Cavefish Astyanax mexicanus.

Blind and depigmented fish belonging to the species Astyanax mexicanus are outstanding models for evolutionary genetics. During their evolution in the darkness of caves, they have undergone a number of changes at the morphological, physiological, and behavioral levels, but they can still breed with their river-dwelling conspecifics. The fertile hybrids between these two morphotypes allow forward genetic approaches, from the search of quantitative trait loci to the identification of the mutations underlying the evolution of troglomorphism.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Compared with Principal Component Analysis to Derive Dietary Patterns: A Longitudinal Study in Adult Women.

Background: Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used extensively to derive dietary patterns. We proposed to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the same context as PCA--as a one-step approach--to derive dietary patterns.

Objectives: The first aim of this study was methodologic and was to compare dietary patterns derived with the use of PCA and CFA, used as equivalent one-step approaches.

Cleaning and disinfecting environmental surfaces in health care: Toward an integrated framework for infection and occupational illness prevention.

Background: The Cleaning and Disinfecting in Healthcare Working Group of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Occupational Research Agenda, is a collaboration of infection prevention and occupational health researchers and practitioners with the objective of providing a more integrated approach to effective environmental surface cleaning and disinfection (C&D) while protecting the respiratory health of health care personnel.

Methods: The Working Group, comprised of >40 members from 4 countries, reviewed current knowledge and identified knowledge gaps and future needs for research and practice.

Results: An integrated framework was developed to guide more comprehensive efforts to minimize harmful C&D exposures without reducing the effectiveness of infection prevention.

Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major harmful effect of hormone therapy (HT) among postmenopausal women. A large variety of HT can be used with significant differences in adverse effects. There is evidence that the VTE risk among HT users depends on the route of estrogen administration.

Changes in signaling pathways induced by vandetanib in a human medullary thyroid carcinoma model, as analyzed by reverse phase protein array.

Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare tumor that is caused by activating mutations in the proto-oncogene RET. Vandetanib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, has been recently approved to treat adult patients with metastatic MTC. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in signaling pathways induced by vandetanib treatment in preclinical MTC models, using the reverse-phase protein array method (RPPA).

Resection margins and prognosis in locally invasive thyroid cancer.

Background: Invasive thyroid cancer is rare, and the extent of surgery controversial. The purpose of this study was to present and evaluate therapeutic prognostic factors.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study of differentiated thyroid carcinoma invading the larynx, trachea, and/or esophagus treated surgically with macroscopic complete resection.

Original portals for arthroscopic decompression of the suprascapular nerve: an anatomic study.

Operative treatment of suprascapular nerve entrapment consists of decompression of the nerve, either at the suprascapular notch or the spinoglenoid notch. The aim of this study was to describe new arthroscopic portals to approach these 2 notches at the same time. Twenty shoulders in 10 fresh frozen cadavers were investigated.

New novobiocin analogues as antiproliferative agents in breast cancer cells and potential inhibitors of heat shock protein 90.

Selective hsp90 inhibitors simultaneously destabilize and deplete key signaling proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Investigation of novobiocin analogues lacking the noviose moiety as novel inhibitors of hsp90 was carried out. A novel series of 3-aminocoumarin analogues has been produced and screened in cell proliferation, and the molecular signature of hsp90 inhibition was assessed by depletion of estrogen receptor, HER2, Raf-1, and cdk4 in human breast cancer cells.