Mobilization of Plasmids From Bacteria Into Diatoms by Conjugation Technique.

Diatoms serve as a source for a variety of compounds with particular biotechnological interest. Therefore, redirecting the flow to a specific pathway requires the elucidation of the gene's specific function. The most commonly used method in diatoms is biolistic transformation, which is a very expensive and time-consuming method.

Addressing the Role of Conventional CD8αβ+ T Cells and CD4+ T Cells in Intestinal Immunopathology Using a Bone Marrow-Engrafted Model.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by an aberrant immune response against microbiota. It is well established that T cells play a critical role in mediating the pathology. Assessing the contribution of each subset of T cells in mediating the pathology is crucial in order to design better therapeutic strategies.

Conversion from twice-daily everolimus to once-daily sirolimus in long-term stable liver transplant recipients.

Background: After organ transplantation, strategies for simplifying the therapeutic regimen may improve adherence and prevent acute organ rejection and/or late graft loss. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of conversion from everolimus (EVR) twice daily to sirolimus (SIR) once daily in a large cohort of liver transplantation (LT) patients.

Methods: We included 108 LT patients with at least 12 months of post-transplant follow-up and no rejection episodes in the last year.

SMAD4 TGF-β-independent function preconditions naive CD8+ T cells to prevent severe chronic intestinal inflammation.

SMAD4, a mediator of TGF-β signaling, plays an important role in T cells to prevent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the precise mechanisms underlying this control remain elusive. Using both genetic and epigenetic approaches, we revealed an unexpected mechanism by which SMAD4 prevents naive CD8+ T cells from becoming pathogenic for the gut.

Sofosbuvir-based antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus patients with severe renal failure.

Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common chronic liver disease in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Over the last few years, second-generation direct-acting antivirals have been revolutionary in the treatment of hepatitis C, and sofosbuvir (SOF) is the backbone of most modern treatment strategies. Since SOF is eliminated through the kidney, the aim of this multicentre retrospective study was to assess its antiviral efficacy and safety in HCV-infected patients with severe renal failure [including haemodialysis (HD) patients].