Symptom lead time distribution in lung cancer: natural history and prospects for early diagnosis.

Background: Before their diagnosis, patients with cancer present in primary care more frequently than do matched controls. This has raised hopes that earlier investigation in primary care could lead to earlier stage at diagnosis.

Methods: We re-analysed primary care symptom data collected from 247 lung cancer cases and 1235 matched controls in Devon, UK.

2014 European thyroid association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children.

This guideline has been produced as the official statement of the European Thyroid Association guideline committee. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is defined as a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level above the pregnancy-related reference range with a normal serum thyroxine concentration. Isolated hypothyroxinaemia (defined as a thyroxine level below the 2.

TSH levels and risk of miscarriage in women on long-term levothyroxine: a community-based study.

Context: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes, but there is limited information on pregnancy outcomes in women established on levothyroxine.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between TSH levels and pregnancy outcomes in levothyroxine-treated women in a large community-based database.

Design: This was a historical cohort analysis.

Interarm blood pressure difference in people with diabetes: measurement and vascular and mortality implications: a cohort study.

Objective: Differences in blood pressure between arms are associated with vascular disease and increased mortality; this has not been reported in diabetes. We explored these associations, and assessed reference standard and pragmatic measurement techniques, in people with diabetes and in nondiabetic controls.

Research Design And Methods: A prospective cohort study in Devon, England, recruited 727 people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and 285 nondiabetic controls.

Nonverbal behavior during face-to-face social interaction in schizophrenia: a review.

Patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia display social cognitive deficits. However, little is known about patients' nonverbal communication during their social encounters with others. This review identified 17 studies investigating nonverbal communication in patients' unscripted face-to-face interactions, addressing a) nonverbal differences between patients and others, b) nonverbal behavior of the patients' partners, c) the association between nonverbal behavior and symptoms, and d) the association between nonverbal behavior and social outcomes.

Image comparative assessment using iterative reconstructions: clinical comparison of low-dose abdominal/pelvic computed tomography between adaptive statistical, model-based iterative reconstructions and traditional filtered back projection in 65 patients.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare image quality (objective and subjective parameters) and confidence in lesion detection between 3 image reconstruction algorithms in computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the abdomen/pelvis.

Materials And Methods: This prospective institutional review board-approved study included 65 patients (mean [SD] age, 71.3 ± 9 years; mean [SD] body mass index, 24.

Long-term clinical and functional outcome following treatment for Paget-Schroetter syndrome.

Background: Effort-related thrombosis of the axillosubclavian vein (Paget-Schroetter syndrome, PSS) is uncommon. It tends to affect young, active individuals and yet consensus on management is lacking. The aim here was to analyse late outcomes in a series of patients treated for PSS using a standard protocol.

Alphacoronavirus detected in bats in the United Kingdom.

This study presents the first record of coronavirus in British bats. Alphacoronavirus strains were detected in two of seven bat species, namely Myotis nattereri and M. daubentonii.

Extracellular calreticulin is present in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inhibits FasL (CD95L)-mediated apoptosis of T cells.

Objective: The binding of FasL (CD95L) to its receptor, Fas (CD95), induces apoptosis. Studies have shown that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), T lymphocytes are resistant to FasL-induced apoptosis in vivo but are susceptible to FasL-induced apoptosis in vitro. Dysfunction in this mechanism may be an important contributor to the pathophysiology of RA.

Using past behaviour and spontaneous implementation intentions to enhance the utility of the theory of planned behaviour in predicting exercise.

Objectives: This study examined the utility of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), past behaviour, and spontaneous implementation intentions in predicting exercise behaviour. The psychological correlates of spontaneous implementation intentions and the moderating effects of intention, perceived behavioural control, past behaviour, and implementation intentions at various time points were also examined.

Design: Data collection occurred over three phases with a 2- and 3-week interval.

Psychological adjustment, social enablement and community integration following acquired brain injury.

Understanding and facilitating the process of psychological adjustment to acquired disability arising from brain injury continues to pose a considerable challenge to rehabilitation professionals. This paper reviews the literature on psychological adjustment to acquired disability and chronic health conditions as they may be applied to acquired brain injury. It is proposed that services are developed that address the psychosocial issues faced by survivors of brain injury.