Corrigendum: Iatrogenic air embolism: pathoanatomy, thromboinflammation, endotheliopathy, and therapies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.

Iatrogenic air embolism: pathoanatomy, thromboinflammation, endotheliopathy, and therapies.

Iatrogenic vascular air embolism is a relatively infrequent event but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These emboli can arise in many clinical settings such as neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, and liver transplantation, but more recently, endoscopy, hemodialysis, thoracentesis, tissue biopsy, angiography, and central and peripheral venous access and removal have overtaken surgery and trauma as significant causes of vascular air embolism. The true incidence may be greater since many of these air emboli are asymptomatic and frequently go undiagnosed or unreported.

SHock-INduced Endotheliopathy (SHINE): A mechanistic justification for viscoelastography-guided resuscitation of traumatic and non-traumatic shock.

Irrespective of the reason for hypoperfusion, hypocoagulable and/or hyperfibrinolytic hemostatic aberrancies afflict up to one-quarter of critically ill patients in shock. Intensivists and traumatologists have embraced the concept of SHock-INduced Endotheliopathy (SHINE) as a foundational derangement in progressive shock wherein sympatho-adrenal activation may cause systemic endothelial injury. The pro-thrombotic endothelium lends to micro-thrombosis, enacting a cycle of worsening perfusion and increasing catecholamines, endothelial injury, de-endothelialization, and multiple organ failure.

Relative Hypercoagulopathy of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta Variants when Compared to the Less Severe Omicron Variants Is Related to TEG Parameters, the Extent of Fibrin Amyloid Microclots, and the Severity of Clinical Illness.

Earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been associated with hypercoagulability and an extensive formation of fibrin amyloid microclots, which are considered to contribute to the pathology of the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). The newer omicron variants appear to be far more transmissible, but less virulent, even when taking immunity acquired from previous infections or vaccination into account. We here show that while the clotting parameters associated with omicron variants are significantly raised over those of healthy, matched controls, they are raised to levels significantly lower than those seen with more severe variants such as beta and delta.

Viscoelastic Hemostatic Assays: A Primer on Legacy and New Generation Devices.

Viscoelastic hemostatic assay (VHAs) are whole blood point-of-care tests that have become an essential method for assaying hemostatic competence in liver transplantation, cardiac surgery, and most recently, trauma surgery involving hemorrhagic shock. It has taken more than three-quarters of a century of research and clinical application for this technology to become mainstream in these three clinical areas. Within the last decade, the cup and pin legacy devices, such as thromboelastography (TEG 5000) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM delta), have been supplanted not only by cartridge systems (TEG 6S and ROTEM sigma), but also by more portable point-of-care bedside testing iterations of these legacy devices (e.

Hemorrhagic Resuscitation Guided by Viscoelastography in Far-Forward Combat and Austere Civilian Environments: Goal-Directed Whole-Blood and Blood-Component Therapy Far from the Trauma Center.

Modern approaches to resuscitation seek to bring patient interventions as close as possible to the initial trauma. In recent decades, fresh or cold-stored whole blood has gained widespread support in multiple settings as the best first agent in resuscitation after massive blood loss. However, whole blood is not a panacea, and while current guidelines promote continued resuscitation with fixed ratios of blood products, the debate about the optimal resuscitation strategy-especially in austere or challenging environments-is by no means settled.

Evaluation of the Informed Consent Process of a Multicenter Tuberculosis Treatment Trial.

Background: Ethical principles obligate researchers to maximize study participants' comprehension during the informed consent process for clinical trials. A pilot evaluation of the consent process was conducted during an international clinical trial of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis to assess the feasibility of conducting an evaluation in a larger population and to guide these future efforts.

Methods: Study staff administered an informed consent assessment tool (ICAT) to a convenience sample of trial participants, measuring comprehension of consent components as derived from the Common Rule and FDA Title 21 Part 50, and satisfaction with the process.

Extending boundaries in minimally invasive procedures with simultaneous bilateral video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (veil) for penile cancer: initial Denver health medical center and ABC school of medicine experience and surgical considerations.

Purpose: To report the surgical technique, procedural outcomes, and feasibility of simultaneous bilateral Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL) in the management of patients with indication for inguinal lymphadenectomy.

Surgical Technique: VEIL was applied in all patients using the oncological landmarks (the adductor longus muscle medially, the sartorius muscle laterally and the inguinal ligament superiorly). A 1.

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-driven accumulation of a novel CD11c⁺ B-cell population is important for the development of autoimmunity.

Females are more susceptible than males to many autoimmune diseases. The processes causing this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that aged female mice acquire a previously uncharacterized population of B cells that we call age-associated B cells (ABCs) and that these cells express integrin α(X) chain (CD11c).

γδ T cells develop, respond and survive - with a little help from CD27.

Although the TNF receptor family member CD27 has been known for some time, its functional role as a coreceptor on T and B cells remains poorly understood. Recent reports have shown that CD27 and its ligand CD70 play a critical role in the development and function of γδ T cells in mice. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a study now extends these findings to the Vγ9Vδ2(+) subset of human γδ T cells.

Genetic and hormonal factors in female-biased autoimmunity.

Autoimmunity is controlled both by the environment and by genetic factors. One of the most well defined genetic factors is polymorphisms, with some alleles of particular genes promoting autoimmune diseases, whereas other alleles either not affecting susceptibility to disease or, in some cases actually inhibiting the appearance of such illnesses. Another genetically controlled factor, gender, also plays a profound role in the incidence of autoimmune diseases.

Surgical debridement of mineral pitch and nonviable penile tissue using water-jet power: a preliminary report.

Objective: To report our experience of debriding genital wounds embedded with mineral pitch (MP) from asphalt, using a water jet-powered surgical tool, the Versajet Hydrosurgery System (VHS, Smith and Nephew, Key Largo, FL) before reconstruction.

Patients And Methods: We used the VHS for penile debridement in two patients. The first was 42-year-old Hispanic man involved in a truck-bike accident, who was dragged approximately 60 m after the collision.

Factors associated with asthma exacerbations during a long-term clinical trial of controller medications in children.

Background: Asthma exacerbations are a common cause of critical illness in children.

Objective: To determine factors associated with exacerbations in children with persistent asthma.

Methods: Regression modeling was used to identify historical, phenotypic, treatment, and time-dependent factors associated with the occurrence of exacerbations, defined by need for oral corticosteroids or emergency or hospital care in the 48-week Pediatric Asthma Controller Trial study.

Impact of Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus infection on inflammation and clinical status in young children with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: To assess the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infection on lower airway inflammation and clinical status in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Study Design: We studied 111 children age < 6 years who had 2 P aeruginosa-positive oropharyngeal cultures within 12 months. We examined bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory markers (ie, cell count, differential, interleukin [IL]-8, IL-6, neutrophil elastase), CF-related bacterial pathogens, exotoxin A serology, and clinical indicators of disease severity.

Tattoo pigment interpreted as lymph node metastasis in a case of subungual melanoma.

We present a patient with subungual melanoma of the thumb who, during radioisotope-guided selective sentinel lymphadenectomy, was found to have black, hard lymph nodes at multiple axillary node levels. This finding was interpreted intraoperatively as clinical evidence of metastasis and a formal axillary dissection was carried out. Pathological examination of excised nodes failed to demonstrate metastasis but instead showed collections of tattoo pigment.

Laparoscopic management of intraperitoneal bladder rupture secondary to blunt abdominal trauma using intracorporeal single layer suturing technique.

Background: Since Parra reported the first case of laparoscopic repair of bladder rupture caused by nonlaparoscopic injury to the bladder in 1994, several case reports have demonstrated the feasibility of this reconstructive surgical technique. We report the series of six patients that underwent laparoscopic repair of intraperitoneal bladder rupture (LRIB) because of blunt trauma using a single layer suturing technique. To our knowledge, this is the first series of LRIB reported secondary to blunt abdominal trauma.

A cooperative care model: cardiologists and hospitalists reduce length of stay in a chest pain observation unit.

Chest pain observation units are increasingly used to evaluate patients at low risk for cardiovascular events and are commonly staffed by cardiologists. The role of hospitalists in this setting has not been described. We assessed emergency department (ED) length of stay before and after adding hospitalists to the care team among 493 patients.

Thiazolidinedione drugs block cardiac KATP channels and may increase propensity for ischaemic ventricular fibrillation in pigs.

Aims/hypothesis: Opening of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels during myocardial ischaemia shortens action potential duration and is believed to be an adaptive, energy-sparing response. Thiazolidinedione drugs block K(ATP) channels in non-cardiac cells in vitro. This study determined whether thiazolidinedione drugs block cardiac K(ATP) channels in vivo.

Calpain inhibition attenuates right ventricular contractile dysfunction after acute pressure overload.

Right ventricular contractile failure from acute RV pressure overload is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but the mechanism of RV failure in this setting is incompletely defined. We hypothesized that RV dysfunction from acute RV pressure overload is, in part, due to activation of calpain, and that calpain inhibition would therefore attenuate RV dysfunction. Anesthetized, open chest pigs were treated with the calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 or with inactive vehicle, and then subjected to acute RV pressure overload for 90 min.

Lipid management after acute coronary syndrome.

Purpose Of Review: Despite advances in medical therapy and percutaneous revascularization, patients with acute coronary syndrome face a high risk of early, recurrent cardiovascular events. Interventions targeting atherogenic lipoproteins may favorably modify this risk.

Recent Findings: Two randomized clinical trials, MIRACL and PROVE-IT, demonstrated efficacy of early, intensive statin therapy after acute coronary syndrome.

Unc119 regulates myofibroblast differentiation through the activation of Fyn and the p38 MAPK pathway.

Unc119 is an adaptor protein that is involved in the development of the vertebrate nervous system. We have shown that Unc119 stimulates the induction of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and myofibroblast differentiation by TGF-beta in human lung fibroblasts. Unc119 increases the kinase activity of Fyn and associates with it in coprecipitation and colocalization studies.

Molecular components of vertebrate Mg2+-homeostasis regulation.

Over the past decades, the clinical relevance and biological significance of Mg2+ have been thoroughly documented. Although multiple Mg2+-transport pathways have been biophysically characterized, the molecular identity of the postulated components of Mg2+-homeostasis regulation in vertebrates remain undefined. Recent advances in the fields of genetics, genomics and proteomics, and novel technologies such as cDNA microarrays have allowed for substantial progress in this area.