Portal vein pulsatility is associated with the cumulative fluid balance: A post hoc longitudinal analysis of a prospective, general intensive care unit cohort.

Background: Previous studies have explored tools for evaluating the effects of positive fluid balance, with recent emphasis, and controversies, on venous ultrasound parameters and composite scores. The portal vein pulsatility index and the renal venous pattern have emerged as the most promising indicators of volume-induced venous congestion. But in the general intensive care unit (ICU), numerous factors influence cardiovascular homeostasis, affecting venous function.

A Recurrent Connectionist Model of Melody Perception: An Exploration Using TRACX2.

Are similar, or even identical, mechanisms used in the computational modeling of speech segmentation, serial image processing, and music processing? We address this question by exploring how TRACX2, a recognition-based, recursive connectionist autoencoder model of chunking and sequence segmentation, which has successfully simulated speech and serial-image processing, might be applied to elementary melody perception. The model, a three-layer autoencoder that recognizes "chunks" of short sequences of intervals that have been frequently encountered on input, is trained on the tone intervals of melodically simple French children's songs. It dynamically incorporates the internal representations of these chunks into new input.

Repeat Element Activation-Driven Inflammation: Role of NFκB and Implications in Normal Development and Cancer?

The human genome is composed of unique DNA sequences that encode proteins and unique sequence noncoding RNAs that are essential for normal development and cellular differentiation. The human genome also contains over 50% of genome sequences that are repeat in nature (tandem and interspersed repeats) that are now known to contribute dynamically to genetic diversity in populations, to be transcriptionally active under certain physiological conditions, and to be aberrantly active in disease states including cancer, where consequences are pleiotropic with impact on cancer cell phenotypes and on the tumor immune microenvironment. Repeat element-derived RNAs play unique roles in exogenous and endogenous cell signaling under normal and disease conditions.

Percutaneous treatment options for acute pulmonary embolism: a clinical consensus statement by the ESC Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions.

There is a growing clinical and scientific interest in catheter-directed therapy (CDT) of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Currently, CDT should be considered for patients with high-risk PE, in whom thrombolysis is contraindicated or has failed. Also, CDT is a treatment option for initially stable patients in whom anticoagulant treatment fails, i.

Polypill Strategy in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.

Background: A polypill that includes key medications associated with improved outcomes (aspirin, angiotensin-converting-enzyme [ACE] inhibitor, and statin) has been proposed as a simple approach to the secondary prevention of cardiovascular death and complications after myocardial infarction.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomized, controlled clinical trial, we assigned patients with myocardial infarction within the previous 6 months to a polypill-based strategy or usual care. The polypill treatment consisted of aspirin (100 mg), ramipril (2.

An Unsafe/Safe Typology in People with Type 2 Diabetes: Bridging Patients' Expectations, Personality Traits, Medication Adherence, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Support programs are provided to people with diabetes to help them manage their disease. However, adherence to and persistence in support programs are often low, making it difficult to demonstrate their effectiveness.

Aim: To identify the determinants of patients' perceived interest in diabetes support programs because it may be a powerful determinant of effective participation in such programs.

High plasma concentration of non-esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids is a specific feature of severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

COVID-19 pneumonia has specific features and outcomes that suggests a unique immunopathogenesis. Severe forms of COVID-19 appear to be more frequent in obese patients, but an association with metabolic disorders is not established. Here, we focused on lipoprotein metabolism in patients hospitalized for severe pneumonia, depending on COVID-19 status.

Impact of High-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Background: Because of the high risk of thrombotic complications (TCs) during SARS-CoV-2 infection, several scientific societies have proposed to increase the dose of preventive anticoagulation, although arguments in favor of this strategy are inconsistent.

Research Question: What is the incidence of TC in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and what is the relationship between the dose of anticoagulant therapy and the incidence of TC?

Study Design And Methods: All consecutive patients referred to eight French ICUs for COVID-19 were included in this observational study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from ICU admission to day 14, including anticoagulation status and thrombotic and hemorrhagic events.

Inhibition of mitophagy drives macrophage activation and antibacterial defense during sepsis.

Mitochondria have emerged as key actors of innate and adaptive immunity. Mitophagy has a pivotal role in cell homeostasis, but its contribution to macrophage functions and host defense remains to be delineated. Here, we showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with IFN-γ inhibited PINK1-dependent mitophagy in macrophages through a STAT1-dependent activation of the inflammatory caspases 1 and 11.

Non-readmission decisions in the intensive care unit under French rules: A nationwide survey of practices.

Purpose: We investigated, using a multicentre survey of practices in France, the practices of ICU physicians concerning the decision not to readmit to the ICU, in light of current legislation.

Materials And Methods: Multicentre survey of practices among French ICU physicians via electronic questionnaire in January 2016. Questions related to respondents' practices regarding re-admission of patients to the ICU and how these decisions were made.

Positive Predictive Value of French Hospitalization Discharge Codes for Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack.

Background: We aimed at measuring the positive predictive value (PPV) of data in the French Hospital Medical Information Database (FHD).

Summary: This retrospective multicenter study included 31 hospitals from where 56 hospital stays were randomly selected among all hospitalizations for the years 2009 and 2010 with at least 1 principal diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Three algorithms were evaluated.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Body Mass Index, and Cytokine Polymorphisms: A Pooled Analysis from the InterLymph Consortium.

Background: Excess adiposity has been associated with lymphomagenesis, possibly mediated by increased cytokine production causing a chronic inflammatory state. The relationship between obesity, cytokine polymorphisms, and selected mature B-cell neoplasms is reported.

Method: Data on 4,979 cases and 4,752 controls from nine American/European studies from the InterLymph consortium (1988-2008) were pooled.

Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for marginal zone lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project.

Background: Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), comprised of nodal, extranodal, and splenic subtypes, accounts for 5%-10% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. A detailed evaluation of the independent effects of risk factors for MZL and its subtypes has not been conducted.

Methods: Data were pooled from 1052 MZL cases (extranodal [EMZL] = 633, nodal [NMZL] = 157, splenic [SMZL] = 140) and 13766 controls from 12 case-control studies.

Prognostic role of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells infiltrating human carcinomas: the paradox of colorectal cancer.

The accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) at high density in various human carcinomas is generally associated with a poor prognosis, as expected from their capacity to inhibit antitumor immunity. Surprisingly, in patients bearing colorectal carcinoma (CRC), high regulatory T-cell infiltration is associated with a favorable prognosis, as shown by the analysis of seven clinical studies. To explain this paradox, we emphasize a putative role of the dense microbiological flora present in the large intestine with a trend toward translocation through the tumor.