The 2021 Toolkit for Emergency Preparedness and Mitigation to Combat Surge of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in India: The World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Emergency and Trauma in South East Asia Recommendations.

The authors of this toolkit focus on children under the age of 18 comprising approximately 41% of the total population in India. This toolkit has been created with an objective to prepare, mitigate the effects of any surge of COVID-19 in our communities, and help to optimally utilize the scarce resources. The toolkit design suggests the manpower, equipment, laboratory support, training, consumables, and drugs for a 10-bedded pediatric emergency room, 25-bedded COVID pediatric intensive care unit, and 75-bedded COVID pediatric high dependency unit/ward as defined for a 100-bedded facility.

Fentanyl versus nalbuphine for intubating conditions during awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy: A randomized double-blind comparative study.

Background And Aims: Patient cooperation, sedation, anxiolysis, and topicalization are important prerequisites for the successful and safe conduct of awake intubation. Because of the pharmacological properties, opioids can facilitate this process. Fentanyl is an opioid agonist and nalbuphine is an agonist-antagonist.

Maternity Leave Access and Breastfeeding Practices among Working Mothers in an Urban Residential Area of East Delhi.

Background: Despite the provision of maternity leave benefits under the maternity benefit amendment act, its access by working mothers in the community is unknown.

Objectives: The objective is to find out access to maternity leave among working mothers and its association with breastfeeding practices.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted among 150 working mothers with children 6 months to 3 years of age.

Hyponatremia in tuberculous meningitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), manifests as the most severe involvement of the nervous system by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it has a high mortality rate and a spectrum of systemic and neurological complications that can lead to debilitating or fatal sequelae, whereas hyponatremia is the commonly encountered life-threatening electrolyte disturbance. Thus, our study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors and differences in outcomes of hyponatremia in TBM.

Methods: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018088089).

Clinico-radiological profile of the patients with empyema thoracis: A prospective analytical study.

Background: Empyema thoracis is defined as the presence of pus in the pleural cavity and carries significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the demographic and clinico-radiological characteristics of patients with empyema thoracis.

Material And Methods: The present study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India.

Familial hypercholestrolemia: clinical examination holds the key!

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a rare genetic disease, although it is amongst the commonest dyslipidemias. It characterized by raised cholesterol levels and normal triglyceride levels. Childhood presentation of familial hypercholesterolemia can cause early atherosclerotic plaque deposition in arteries and a markedly increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) at a young age.

Intranasal midazolam versus intravenous/rectal benzodiazepines for acute seizure control in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acute seizure activity might cause complications including bodily harm, progression to status epilepticus, and poor quality of life in children. The introduction of a venous line may be difficult in children with seizures which would delay the initiation of treatment. Rectal drug administration can be socially awkward for patients and providers.

Correlation between telomere length and efficacy of oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics on severity and cognitive impairment of schizophrenia.

Objective: To study the correlation between telomere length (TL) and long-acting injectable (LAI) and oral atypical antipsychotic (OAA) efficacy on schizophrenia (SCZ) severity and cognitive impairment.

Methods: Sixty Schizophrenia patients of 18-50 years and of either sex were included in a 12-week study. Thirty patients were recruited in each group, LAI and OAA.

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on ENT clinical practice and training: the resident's perspective.

Background: The arrival of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disrupted life suddenly and forcefully, and healthcare systems around the world are still struggling to come to terms with it. This paper reviews the impact of the pandemic on ENT practice and training.

Methods: The present manuscript was developed as a narrative review to examine the role of otorhinolaryngologists in the management of the pandemic, and assess its impact on practice and training in the specialty.

Functionalization of Cellulose with Zinc Pyrithione for Antimicrobial Applications.

Considering the public health demands for stronger and effective personal protective clothing, herein, antimicrobial fabrics using a known bacteriostatic and fungistatic drug zinc pyrithione (ZPT) have been reported. ZPT was synthesized on cellulosic fabric, viscose (VC), using a zinc metal precursor and 2-mercaptopyridine--oxide as a ligand (VC-ZPT). For comparison, viscose was also phosphorylated (VP) before functionalization with ZPT (VP-ZPT).

Interventional Study Designs.

Interventional studies are specifically designed to evaluate direct impact of therapeutic or preventive measures on outcomes by assigning participants into treatment/intervention or control group. Main types of interventional study designs are: single-arm interventional studies, non-randomized controlled trials, cross-over trials, randomized controlled trials, and cluster randomized trials. Each of these study designs has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, which need to be assessed and reviewed in the design phase of the study to choose the most appropriate design.

Estimating the Volume of Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin (eRIG) Required for Local Infiltration in Soft Tissue Animal Bites in Children Using a Wound Size-Based Approach.

Introduction: Post-exposure prophylaxis using rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is universal recommendation for category III exposures. This study was conducted to determine quantity of RIG used to infiltrate animal bite wounds in relation to longest dimension and area of wound.

Methods: Children aged 2-18 years reporting within 7 days of category III animal bite were included.

A randomised double-blind comparison of phenylephrine and norepinephrine for the management of postspinal hypotension in pre-eclamptic patients undergoing caesarean section.

Background: Studies comparing phenylephrine and norepinephrine for the treatment of postspinal hypotension in pre-eclamptic patients are limited.

Objective: To compare bolus doses of phenylephrine and norepinephrine for treating hypotension in pre-eclamptic mothers undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. It was hypothesised that norepinephrine and phenylephrine use would be associated with similar neonatal outcome.

Validation of Complete Hindi Version of Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire for Assessment of Neuropathic Pain.

Objectives: The Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire is a widely used tool for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain (NP). The aim was to validate the Complete Hindi version of DN4 (CH-DN4) questionnaire.

Materials And Methods: A systematic translation process was used to translate the original English DN4 into Hindi.

Modulation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteases-1 Gene in Chronic Neuropathic Pain.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to study the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases 1 (TIMP 1) gene in patients with neuropathic pain (NP).

Materials And Methods: In the present, cross-sectional, observational study, 2 ml of venous baseline sample was withdrawn from all the patients with neuropathic (NP) or non NP (NNP) soon after their diagnosis or on their first visit to the pain clinic. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment was conducted to measure the mRNA expression of TIMP1 and ERK genes in blood samples.

Quality Indicators for Evaluating Errors in the Preanalytical Phase.

 The aim of this study was to study the incidence of preanalytical errors in the clinical chemistry laboratory attached to a tertiary care hospital.  The study was conducted in a clinical chemistry laboratory using the samples and forms received for analysis. Five hundred random samples were analyzed using a predefined set of quality indicators (QIs) over a period of 3 months.

Socio-clinico-radiological profile of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in association with sputum conversion and baseline hsCRP levels.

Our was an observational follow-up study where the aim was to assess the baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in 50 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in association with socio-clinico-radiological profile and microbiological conversion. Smear and culture conversion of sputum samples at the end of intensive phase of anti-tubercular treatment were recorded. Baseline serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein estimation was done by ELISA.

Effective Dose of Prophylactic Oxytocin Infusion During Cesarean Delivery in 90% Population of Nonlaboring Patients With Preeclampsia Receiving Magnesium Sulfate Therapy and Normotensives: An Up-Down Sequential Allocation Dose-Response Study.

Background: Oxytocin administration during cesarean delivery is the first-line therapy for the prevention of uterine atony. Patients with preeclampsia may receive magnesium sulfate, a drug with known tocolytic effects, for seizure prophylaxis. However, no study has evaluated the minimum effective dose of oxytocin during cesarean delivery in women with preeclampsia.

Diagnosis and Management Considerations in Steroid-Related Hyperglycemia in COVID-19: A Position Statement from the Endocrine Society of India.

The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is showing no signs of abatement and result in significant morbidity and mortality in the infected patients. Many therapeutic agents ranging widely between antivirals and anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to mitigate the disease burden. In the deluge of the drugs being used for COVID-19 infection, glucocorticoids (GCs) stand out by reducing mortality amongst in-hospital severe-to-critically ill patients.