Cross-species Association Between Telomere Length and Glucocorticoid Exposure.

Context: Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) or stress increases the risk of medical disorders, including cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. GCs contribute to accelerated aging; however, while the link between chronic GC exposure and disease onset is well established, the underpinning mechanisms are not clear.

Objective: We explored the potential nexus between GCs or stress exposure and telomere length.

Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation and syringomyelia in adults: international consensus document.

Background: Syringomyelia and Chiari malformation are classified as rare diseases on Orphanet, but international guidelines on diagnostic criteria and case definition are missing.

Aim Of The Study: to reach a consensus among international experts on controversial issues in diagnosis and treatment of Chiari 1 malformation and syringomyelia in adults.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of the Chiari and Syringomyelia Consortium (4 neurosurgeons, 2 neurologists, 1 neuroradiologist, 1 pediatric neurologist) appointed an international Jury of experts to elaborate a consensus document.

Diagnosis and treatment of Chiari malformation type 1 in children: the International Consensus Document.

Background: Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is a rare condition where agreed classification and treatment are still missing. The goal of this study is to achieve a consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of CM1 in children.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel formulated 57 provisional statements based on a review of the literature.

Chronic hepatitis D associated with worse patient-reported outcomes than chronic hepatitis B.

Background & Aims: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) determined by patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is impaired in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and C patients, but there are no data regarding patients with chronic hepatitis D (CHD). The aim of this study was to assess PRO scores in untreated patients with CHD and compare them with those obtained for patients with CHB.

Methods: Patients with CHD completed 3 PRO instruments (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire [CLDQ], Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue [FACIT-F], and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI]), and the results were compared with those of patients mono-infected with CHB.

Phase 1 study of single-agent WNT974, a first-in-class Porcupine inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumours.

Background: This Phase 1 study assessed the safety and efficacy of the Porcupine inhibitor, WNT974, in patients with advanced solid tumours.

Methods: Patients (n = 94) received oral WNT974 at doses of 5-30 mg once-daily, plus additional dosing schedules.

Results: The maximum tolerated dose was not established; the recommended dose for expansion was 10 mg once-daily.

A Mitocentric View of the Main Bacterial and Parasitic Infectious Diseases in the Pediatric Population.

Infectious diseases occur worldwide with great frequency in both adults and children. Both infections and their treatments trigger mitochondrial interactions at multiple levels: (i) incorporation of damaged or mutated proteins to the complexes of the electron transport chain, (ii) mitochondrial genome (depletion, deletions, and point mutations) and mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), (iii) membrane potential, (iv) apoptotic regulation, (v) generation of reactive oxygen species, among others. Such alterations may result in serious adverse clinical events with great impact on children's quality of life, even resulting in death.

Psychological complications of Cushing's syndrome.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this article is to review and discuss recent evidence of psychological complications in Cushing's syndrome.

Recent Findings: Recent research has described the presence of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, mania, bipolar disorder and psychotic symptoms in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Furthermore, the perspective of patients' partners has also been emphasized.

Use of checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lymphoid malignancies receiving allogeneic cell transplantation: a review.

Monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint receptors or its ligands have demonstrated high response rates and durable remissions in patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and other lymphoid malignancies. However, most patients will eventually progress on therapy and may benefit from further treatments including allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Furthermore, the use of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) has emerged as a treatment option for patients relapsing after allo-HCT.

Early Treatment Targets for Predicting Long-term Dermatology Life Quality Index Response in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Analysis from a Long-term Clinical Study.

: Rapid improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psoriasis severity have been reported in patients treated with ixekizumab (IXE), an interleukin (IL)-17A antibody. : We assessed the relationship between early Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) response and long-term Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) improvement in patients in the randomized clinical trial IXORA-S (NCT0256186) treated with IXE or IL-12/23 (ustekinumab [UST]). : The proportion of patients achieving DLQI (0,1), an outcome equivalent to the patient's skin condition having no impact on HRQoL after 52 weeks of IXE or UST by PASI response at Weeks 4, 12, and 24 was quantified.

Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19: Data From the Spanish Society of Neonatology Registry.

Objectives: To describe neonatal and maternal characteristics of the largest prospective cohort of newborns from mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the data of which were prospectively collected from the nationwide registry of the Spanish Society of Neonatology.

Methods: Between March 8, 2020, and May 26, 2020, the data of 503 neonates born to 497 mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy or at the time of delivery were collected by 79 hospitals throughout Spain.

Results: Maternal symptoms were similar to that of the general population, with 5% of severe forms.

Approach to the Diagnosis of Hepatocutaneous Syndrome in Dogs: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review.

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND) is a rare and often fatal disease in dogs that has been associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (SND/EN) and hepatocutaneous syndrome (SND/HCS). Although various combinations of diagnostics have been used to differentiate these two causes of SND, there are currently no data on which combination would enable the most timely and noninvasive way to diagnose HCS. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively (2004-2018) for dogs with SND/HCS (n = 24) and SND/EN (n = 1).

National comprehensive cancer network recommendations for drugs without US food and drug administration approval in metastatic breast cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Background: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines can include recommendations for off-label use of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we evaluate NCCN recommendations not supported by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and explore associations with such recommendations.

Methods: All NCCN recommendations for MBC and their supporting data were identified.

Impact of non-adherence to radiotherapy on 1-year survival in cancer patients in Catalonia, Spain.

Background: This study aims to assess the effects of non-adherence to external beam radiation therapy in cancer patients receiving treatment with a curative.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study collected health records data for all cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy with curative intent in 2016 in Catalonia, Spain. Adherence was defined as having received at least 90% of the total dose prescribed.

Serial Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving First-Line Chemotherapy.

Background: We examined the prognostic significance of circulating tumor cell (CTC) dynamics during treatment in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.

Methods: Serial CTC data from 469 patients (2202 samples) were used to build a novel latent mixture model to identify groups with similar CTC trajectory (tCTC) patterns during the course of treatment. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in groups based on baseline CTCs, combined CTC status at baseline to the end of cycle 1, and tCTC.

Clinical benefit and cost of breakthrough cancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Background: The clinical benefit and pricing of breakthrough-designated cancer drugs are uncertain. This study compares the magnitude of the clinical benefit and monthly price of new and supplemental breakthrough-designated and non-breakthrough-designated cancer drug approvals.

Methods: A cross-sectional cohort comprised approvals of cancer drugs for solid tumors from July 2012 to December 2017.

Hydroxychloroquine for Early Treatment of Adults With Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: No effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exist. We aimed to determine whether early treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) would be efficacious for outpatients with COVID-19.

Methods: Multicenter open-label, randomized, controlled trial conducted in Catalonia, Spain, between 17 March and 26 May 2020.

HIV-1 Gag mutations alone are sufficient to reduce darunavir susceptibility during virological failure to boosted PI therapy.

Background: Virological failure (VF) to boosted PIs with a high genetic barrier is not usually linked to the development of resistance-associated mutations in the protease gene.

Methods: From a cohort of 520 HIV-infected subjects treated with lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy, we retrospectively identified nine patients with VF. We sequenced the HIV-1 Gag-protease region and generated clonal virus from plasma samples.

Defining the characteristics of intermediate care models including transitional care: an international Delphi study.

Background: Although there is growing utilisation of intermediate care to improve the health and well-being of older adults with complex care needs, there is no international agreement on how it is defined, limiting comparability between studies and reducing the ability to scale effective interventions.

Aim: To identify and define the characteristics of intermediate care models.

Methods: A scoping review, a modified two-round electronic Delphi study involving 27 multi-professional experts from 13 countries, and a virtual consensus meeting were conducted.

A transdiagnostic perspective of constructs underlying obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: An international Delphi consensus study.

Background: The Research Domain Criteria seeks to bridge knowledge from neuroscience with clinical practice by promoting research into valid neurocognitive phenotypes and dimensions, irrespective of symptoms and diagnoses as currently conceptualized. While the Research Domain Criteria offers a vision of future research and practice, its 39 functional constructs need refinement to better target new phenotyping efforts. This study aimed to determine which Research Domain Criteria constructs are most relevant to understanding obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, based on a consensus between experts in the field of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.