357 results match your criteria: "and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience[Affiliation]"

Distinct neural networks of emotional valence and uncertainty in the human amygdala underlying different mental disorders.

Sci Bull (Beijing)

February 2025

Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 321004, China. Electronic address:

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Background: Cannabis use is common, particularly during emerging adulthood when brain development is ongoing, and its use is associated with harmful outcomes for a subset of people. An improved understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying risk for problem-level use is critical to facilitate the development of more effective prevention and treatment approaches.

Methods: The current study applied a whole-brain, data-driven, machine-learning approach to identify neural features predictive of problem-level cannabis use in a non-clinical sample of college students (n=191, 58% female) based on reward task functional connectivity data.

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Cognitive predictors of mental health trajectories are mediated by inferior frontal and occipital development during adolescence.

Mol Psychiatry

February 2025

National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Laboratory studies show brain maturation involves synaptic pruning and cognitive development. Human studies suggest links between early cognitive performance and later mental health, but inconsistencies remain. It is unclear if specific brain regions mediate this relationship, and the molecular underpinnings are not well understood.

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Mounting evidence suggests hierarchical psychopathology factors underlying psychiatric comorbidity. However, the exact neurobiological characterizations of these multilevel factors remain elusive. In this study, leveraging the brain-behavior predictive framework with a 10-year longitudinal imaging-genetic cohort (IMAGEN, ages 14, 19 and 23, = 1,750), we constructed two neural factors underlying externalizing and internalizing symptoms, which were reproducible across six clinical and population-based datasets (ABCD, STRATIFY/ESTRA, ABIDE II, ADHD-200 and XiNan, from age 10 to age 36, = 3,765).

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Relationships of eating behaviors with psychopathology, brain maturation and genetic risk for obesity in an adolescent cohort study.

Nat Ment Health

January 2025

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Unhealthy eating, a risk factor for eating disorders (EDs) and obesity, often coexists with emotional and behavioral problems; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Analyzing data from the longitudinal IMAGEN adolescent cohort, we investigated associations between eating behaviors, genetic predispositions for high body mass index (BMI) using polygenic scores (PGSs), and trajectories (ages 14-23 years) of ED-related psychopathology and brain maturation. Clustering analyses at age 23 years ( = 996) identified 3 eating groups: restrictive, emotional/uncontrolled and healthy eaters.

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Genome-wide association study unravels mechanisms of brain glymphatic activity.

Nat Commun

January 2025

Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Brain glymphatic activity, as indicated by diffusion-tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index, is involved in developmental neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, but its genetic architecture is poorly understood. Here, we identified 17 unique genome-wide significant loci and 161 candidate genes linked to the ALPS-indexes in a discovery sample of 31,021 individuals from the UK Biobank. Seven loci were replicated in two independent datasets.

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Background And Aim: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is strongly influenced by genetic factors; however the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well understood. This study investigated whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on a genome-wide association study for CUD in adults predicts cannabis use in adolescents and whether the association can be explained by inter-individual variation in structural properties of brain white matter or risk-taking behaviors.

Design And Setting: Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses using data from the IMAGEN cohort, a European longitudinal study integrating genetic, neuroimaging and behavioral measures.

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Machine learning models for diagnosis and risk prediction in eating disorders, depression, and alcohol use disorder.

J Affect Disord

December 2024

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The study utilized machine learning models to identify reliable diagnostic markers for eating disorders, major depressive disorder, and alcohol use disorder, targeting young adults aged 18-25.
  • The classification models showed high accuracy rates (AUC-ROC ranging from 0.80 to 0.92) even without considering body mass index and highlighted shared predictors like neuroticism and hopelessness.
  • Additionally, the models were moderately successful in predicting future symptoms related to eating disorders, depression, and alcohol use in a longitudinal sample of adolescents, indicating the potential for improved diagnosis and risk assessment in mental health.
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Multimodal Investigations of Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa and Their Relationships to Psychopathology.

Biol Psychiatry

November 2024

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • This study uses multi-modal MRI to investigate neurobiological differences between anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), revealing structural and functional brain changes linked to these eating disorders.
  • Key findings include reduced gray matter volume in specific brain regions (like the orbitofrontal cortex) and decreased cortical thickness, particularly in anorexia patients, which are associated with impulsivity and cognitive restraint regarding eating behaviors.
  • The results suggest that these brain changes affect reward processing and contribute to the persistence of eating disorder symptoms, highlighting potential targets for future treatment interventions.
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Article Synopsis
  • * A study utilizing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort revealed seven genomic regions where gene-environment interactions affect gray matter volume, tied to metabolic and inflammatory processes, as well as synaptic plasticity.
  • * The analysis highlighted that socioeconomic status, rather than family environment, plays a crucial role in how maternal education influences genetic effects on neurodevelopment, offering insights into the biological and social mechanisms involved.
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Semi-Automated Assessment of Long-Term Olfactory Habituation in Using the Olfactory Arena.

Bio Protoc

November 2024

School of Genetics and Microbiology, and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Long-lasting memories are a core aspect of an animal's life. Such memories are characterized by unique molecular mechanisms and often unique circuitry, neither of which are completely understood in vivo. The deep knowledge of the identity and connectivity of neurons of the fruit fly , as well as the sophisticated genetic tools that allow in vivo perturbations and physiology monitoring, make it a remarkably useful organism in which to investigate the molecular mechanisms of long-term memories.

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Background: Psychotic symptoms in adolescence are associated with social adversity and genetic risk for schizophrenia. This gene-environment interplay may be mediated by personality, which also develops during adolescence. We hypothesized that (i) personality development predicts later Psychosis Proneness Signs (PPS), and (ii) personality traits mediate the association between genetic risk for schizophrenia, social adversities, and psychosis.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates structural brain aging by analyzing both cross-sectional and longitudinal data from over 37,000 healthy individuals in the UK Biobank, identifying two distinct patterns of brain aging.
  • Participants showing signs of accelerated brain aging also experienced faster biological aging, cognitive decline, and higher genetic risks for neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • The research supports the 'last in, first out' hypothesis linking brain aging to brain development, and includes genomic analysis to uncover genetic factors influencing both accelerated brain aging and delayed development.
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Genetic-Dependent Brain Signatures of Resilience: Interactions among Childhood Abuse, Genetic Risks and Brain Function.

bioRxiv

September 2024

National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Resilience to emotional disorders in adolescents, particularly after childhood abuse, is influenced by brain responses to environmental stressors, but the specific brain signatures of resilience are still being studied.
  • Research identified two brain networks linked to resilience, with a notable finding that girls with greater activation in a specific orbitofrontal network experienced fewer emotional symptoms after childhood abuse when they had a higher genetic risk for depression.
  • The study suggests these genetic influences on brain activity can predict emotional disorders in late adolescence, highlighting the potential for developing resilience-based interventions to improve adolescent mental health.
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Neural variability, or variation in brain signals, facilitates dynamic brain responses to ongoing demands. This flexibility is important during development from childhood to young adulthood, a period characterized by rapid changes in experience. However, little is known about how variability in the engagement of recurring brain states changes during development.

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Regional patterns of human cortex development correlate with underlying neurobiology.

Nat Commun

September 2024

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.

Human brain morphology undergoes complex changes over the lifespan. Despite recent progress in tracking brain development via normative models, current knowledge of underlying biological mechanisms is highly limited. We demonstrate that human cortical thickness development and aging trajectories unfold along patterns of molecular and cellular brain organization, traceable from population-level to individual developmental trajectories.

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Article Synopsis
  • * It analyzed over 1000 participants from ages 14 to 23 to determine if issues with sustained attention predict future substance use rather than being just a side effect.
  • * The results showed that strong brain connections related to sustained attention at age 14 can predict an increase in cannabis and cigarette use later, highlighting sustained attention as a key indicator of vulnerability to substance use.
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Adolescents exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in the structural architecture of brain development. However, due to limited large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging studies, existing research has largely focused on population averages, and the neurobiological basis underlying individual heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Here we identify, using the IMAGEN adolescent cohort followed up over 9 years (14-23 y), three groups of adolescents characterized by distinct developmental patterns of whole-brain gray matter volume (GMV).

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Coupled changes between ruminating thoughts and resting-state brain networks during the transition into adulthood.

Mol Psychiatry

December 2024

Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-City, INSERM U1299 "Developmental Trajectories & Psychiatry, Centre Borelli CNRS UMR9010, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Perseverative negative thoughts, known as rumination, might arise from emotional challenges and preclude mental health when transitioning into adulthood. Due to its multifaceted nature, rumination can take several ruminative response styles, that diverge in manifestations, severity, and mental health outcomes. Still, prospective ruminative phenotypes remain elusive insofar.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates how the balance between excitation and inhibition in brain cortex microcircuits changes during adolescence, a critical period for brain maturation.
  • - Using advanced simulations and resting-state fMRI data from two large groups, researchers found an increase in inhibition in certain brain regions (association cortices) as adolescents age, while sensorimotor areas showed more stable excitation levels.
  • - The findings suggest that there’s a consistent developmental pattern in the excitation-inhibition balance that can vary among individuals, providing a new computational method to study brain maturation at a personal level.
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Distinct personality profiles associated with disease risk and diagnostic status in eating disorders.

J Affect Disord

September 2024

Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Background: Personality traits have been associated with eating disorders (EDs) and comorbidities. However, it is unclear which personality profiles are premorbid risk rather than diagnostic markers.

Methods: We explored associations between personality and ED-related mental health symptoms using canonical correlation analyses.

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Background: Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent, present in heterogeneous symptom patterns, and share diverse neurobiological underpinnings. Understanding the links between psychopathological symptoms and biological factors is critical in elucidating its etiology and persistence. We aimed to evaluate the utility of using symptom-brain network models to parse the heterogeneity of depressive complaints in a large adolescent sample.

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Substance use, including cigarettes and cannabis, is associated with poorer sustained attention in late adolescence and early adulthood. Previous studies were predominantly cross-sectional or under-powered and could not indicate if impairment in sustained attention was a predictor of substance-use or a marker of the inclination to engage in such behaviour. This study explored the relationship between sustained attention and substance use across a longitudinal span from ages 14 to 23 in over 1,000 participants.

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Light Cannabis Use and the Adolescent Brain: An 8-years Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health, Cognition, and Reward Processing.

Psychopharmacology (Berl)

July 2024

Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.

Article Synopsis
  • Cannabis has been the most commonly used illicit drug, especially among young people, with research indicating links to mental health issues due to its impact on brain functions related to reward and cognition, though these findings are often inconsistent.
  • A study classified participants based on their cannabis use from ages 19 to 22, examining predictive factors like psychopathological symptoms, cognitive performance, and brain activity through tasks designed to measure incentives.
  • Results showed that conduct problems at age 14 were a strong predictor of later cannabis use, and while light cannabis users displayed more behavioral issues than non-users at age 19, there were no significant differences in emotional or cognitive functioning, suggesting that executive function impairments aren't factors that lead to or follow cannabis use.
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