Improved Parent-Child Communication following a RCT Evaluating a Legacy Intervention for Children with Advanced Cancer.

Although legacy-building is a priority for quality palliative care, research has rarely examined effects of legacy interventions in children, particularly their impact on parent-child communication.We examined the impact of a web-based legacy intervention on parent-child communication. We hypothesized that compared to usual care, legacy-making would improve quality of parent-child communication.

Factors Affecting Emergency Department Computed Tomography Use in Children.

Background: Variability in computed tomography (CT) use during pediatric emergency department (ED) visits has been reported. Our objective was to identify patient and hospital characteristics associated with CT use during pediatric ED visits.

Methods: Patients <18 y treated and released from EDs in the 2006-2012 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample were included.

Changes in Siblings Over Time After the Death of a Brother or Sister From Cancer.

Background: Limited research has examined the impact of a child's death from cancer on siblings. Even less is known about how these siblings change over time.

Objective: This study compared changes in siblings 1 (T1) and 2 (T2) years after the death of a brother or sister from cancer based on bereaved parent and sibling interviews.

Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Stroke Mortality in China: Data From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Background And Purpose: Stroke has been the leading cause of death in China. The aim of this study is to assess the long-term trends of stroke mortality in China between 1994 and 2013.

Methods: The mortality data were obtained from the GBD 2013 (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013) and were analyzed with the age-period-cohort framework.

Long-read sequencing and de novo assembly of a Chinese genome.

Short-read sequencing has enabled the de novo assembly of several individual human genomes, but with inherent limitations in characterizing repeat elements. Here we sequence a Chinese individual HX1 by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) long-read sequencing, construct a physical map by NanoChannel arrays and generate a de novo assembly of 2.93 Gb (contig N50: 8.

Narrowing of the Diagnostic Gap of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children 0-6 Years of Age Using a Combination of Classical and Molecular Techniques, Delivers Challenges in Syndromic Approach Diagnostics.

Background: Twenty-five percent to 50% of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases remain etiologically undiagnosed. Our main aim was to determine the most appropriate list of enteric pathogens to be included in the daily diagnostics scheme of AGE, ensuring the lowest possible diagnostic gap.

Methods: Two hundred ninety seven children ≤6 years of age, admitted to hospital in Slovenia, October 2011 to October 2012, with AGE, and 88 ≤6 years old healthy children were included in the study.

Serum vitamin D status and bacterial vaginosis prevalence and incidence in Zimbabwean women.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis, a highly prevalent vaginal condition, is correlated with many adverse reproductive outcomes. In some studies, low vitamin D status (measured as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25[OH]D) has been associated with increased prevalence of bacterial vaginosis.

Objectives: We examined the cross-sectional association between vitamin D status and prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, separately for pregnant and nonpregnant women.

Neuroimaging identifies increased manganese deposition in infants receiving parenteral nutrition.

Background: Manganese, an essential metal for normal growth and development, is neurotoxic on excessive exposure. Standard trace element-supplemented neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) has a high manganese content and bypasses normal gastrointestinal absorptive control mechanisms, which places infants at risk of manganese neurotoxicity. Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry demonstrating short T1 relaxation time (T1R) in the basal ganglia reflects excessive brain manganese accumulation.

Enriched Intestinal Stem Cell Seeding Improves the Architecture of Tissue-Engineered Intestine.

Objective: To develop a methodology to separate intestinal stem cell (ISC)-enriched crypts from differentiated epithelial cell (DEC)-containing villi to improve the morphology of tissue-engineered intestine (TEI).

Methods: Small intestinal tissues from 5- to 7-day-old transgenic Lgr5-EGFP mice (with fluorescently labeled ISCs) were used to measure the height of villi and the depth of crypts. Based on the significant size difference between crypts and villi, a novel cell filtration system was developed.

Executive functions and theory of mind as predictors of social adjustment in childhood traumatic brain injury.

This study examined whether executive function and theory of mind mediate the effects of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) on social adjustment, relative to children with orthopedic injury (OI). Participants included 19 children with severe TBI, 41 children with complicated mild/moderate TBI, and 57 children with OI. They completed measures of executive function, as well as cognitive, affective, and conative theory of mind.

Placental transfusion strategies in very preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of interventions promoting placental transfusion at delivery (delayed cord clamping or umbilical cord milking) compared with early cord clamping on outcomes among premature neonates of less than 32 weeks of gestation.

Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases (January 1965 to December 2013) for articles relating to placental transfusion strategies in very preterm neonates.

Friendship quality and psychosocial outcomes among children with traumatic brain injury.

This study examined differences in friendship quality between children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and orthopedic injury (OI) and behavioral outcomes for children from both groups. Participants were 41 children with TBI and 43 children with OI (M age=10.4).

A meta-analysis of the relationship between antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between antidepressant use in pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB).

Data Sources And Study Selection: We searched English and non-English language articles via PubMed, CINAHL and PsychINFO (from their start dates through December 1st, 2012). We used the following keywords and their combinations: antidepressant, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), pregnancy, antenatal, prenatal, birthweight, birth weight, preterm, prematurity, gestational age, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine growth restriction, and small-for-gestational age.

Peer relationships of children with traumatic brain injury.

This study examined peer relationships in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to children with orthopedic injuries (OI), and explored whether differences in peer relationships correlated with white matter volumes. Classroom procedures were used to elicit peer perceptions of social behavior, acceptance, and friendships for eighty-seven 8- to 13-year-old children, 15 with severe TBI, 40 with complicated mild/moderate TBI, and 32 with OI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) were used to investigate volumetric correlates of peer relationship measures.

A trial of telephone services to increase adolescent utilization of health care for psychosocial problems.

Purpose: Adolescents identified in primary care clinics as experiencing psychosocial problems frequently do not receive recommended referral mental health care services. The purpose of the present study was to test whether a Telephone Support Services (TSS) intervention would increase subsequent healthcare utilization. Our TSS intervention featured a combination of case management and motivational interviewing.