CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION : V. AGGLUTININ AND PRECIPITIN CONTENT OF ANTISERA TO HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA, TYPE B.

1. The quantitative, absolute methods of agglutinin and precipitin analysis previously developed for antipneumococcus sera have been shown to be applicable to horse and rabbit anti-influenza type B sera and plasmas. 2.

A PRECIPITINOGEN IN THE SERUM PRIOR TO THE ONSET OF ACUTE RHEUMATISM.

1. A precipitin reaction occurs between sera taken just before and shortly after the onset of acute rheumatism. 2.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PURIFICATION : III. THE REACTION OF DISSOCIATED ANTIBODY WITH SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDE, AND THE EFFECT OF FORMALDEHYDE.

1. Tested quantitatively, antibody recovered by dissociation of specific precipitates from antipneumococcus sera reacts with homologous polysaccharide almost as does the antibody in the original sera. 2.

CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION : IV. QUANTITATIVE DATA ON PNEUMOCOCCUS R (DAWSON S)- ANTI-R (S) SYSTEMS.

1. The quantitative, absolute method of agglutinin estimation is extended to the reaction between Types I and II pneumococcus R (S) suspensions prepared in various ways and antisera from rabbits injected with these cells. 2.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PURIFICATION : II. THE DISSOCIATION OF ANTIBODY FROM PNEUMOCOCCUS SPECIFIC PRECIPITATES AND SPECIFICALLY AGGLUTINATED PNEUMOCOCCI.

1. The salt dissociation and barium hydroxide-barium chloride methods are extended to the preparation of highly purified antibody solutions from specific precipitates derived from Type III and Type VIII antipneumococcus horse sera and a low grade polyvalent bovine serum. Analytically pure precipitin (agglutinin) was obtained from the last, and Types I, II, and III antibodies were separated.

THE ROLE OF THE THYROID IN THE REGULATION OF THE BLOOD CHOLESTEROL OF RABBITS.

1. The blood cholesterol of rabbits on a normal diet without added cholesterol is increased only slightly (19 per cent) by thyroidectomy. 2.

A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : VI. THE REACTION BETWEEN MAMMALIAN THYROGLOBULINS AND ANTIBODIES TO HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS PREPARATIONS.

1. Quantitative data for both homologous and heterologous precipitin reactions of human, hog, beef, and sheep thyroglobulins show that these reactions have the same mechanism as other instances of the precipitin reaction and may be expressed quantitatively by the same equations derived from the law of mass action. 2.

A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : V. THE REACTION BETWEEN CRYSTALLINE HORSE SERUM ALBUMIN AND ANTIBODY FORMED IN THE RABBIT.

1. The reaction between crystalline horse serum albumin and homologous antibody in rabbit sera is quantitatively accounted for by expressions similar to those derived from the law of mass action for other immune precipitating systems. 2.

CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION : III. A REACTION MECHANISM AND A QUANTITATIVE THEORY.

1. By the application of an absolute, quantitative microchemical method for the estimation of agglutinins, precise data have been obtained on the course of the agglutination of Type I pneumococcus by homologous anticarbohydrate. 2.

A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : IV. THE REACTION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES WITH HOMOLOGOUS RABBIT ANTISERA.

1. The reaction between the specific polysaccharide of Type III pneumococcus and homologous antibody in rabbit sera is quantitatively accounted for by expressions similar to those derived from the mass law for the corresponding horse sera. Preliminary data are also given for the Type I reaction.

STUDIES ON THE SEROLOGICAL TYPING OF STREPTOCOCCUS HEMOLYTICUS.

The cross-reactions which interfere with satisfactory serological identification of hemolytic streptococcus are due to anticarbohydrate in the sera used for typing. This antibody can be removed easily by absorption with purified streptococcus carbohydrate, and type identification is then readily established. The serological classification of hemolytic streptococcus from throat infections contracted in New York during 1935 and 1936 showed the predominance of types 4, 13 and 22.

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE CROSS REACTION OF TYPES III AND VIII PNEUMOCOCCI IN HORSE AND RABBIT ANTISERA.

1. A preparation of the specific polysaccharide of Type VIII pneumococcus is described in which the use of heat, strong acid, and alkali were avoided. 2.

THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ANTIBODIES.

1. Highly purified rabbit Type III pneumococcus anticarbohydrate proved to be homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and its sedimentation constant, 7.0.

THE BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES OF ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATED LIPIDS OF THE SKIN.

The lipids of the skin after exposure to ultraviolet light are bactericidal. Since other fats and oils which have been irradiated are bactericidal on account of the active oxygen released on contact with bacteria, the mechanism of the bactericidal action of irradiated lipids of the skin must be similar because the lipids have the properties of other irradiated fats and oils. Irradiation increases the active oxygen content of dried skin markedly but little increase occurs if the lipids have been extracted.

THE SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES OF TYPES I, II, AND III PNEUMOCOCCUS : A REVISION OF METHODS AND DATA.

1. The thermolability of the specific polysaccharides of Types I, II, and III pneumococcus has been shown by three independent methods: (a) diminution of the viscosity of solutions on heating; (b) decrease in the amount of antibody precipitated from homologous rabbit antisera; and (c) increased tendency (S III) to pass through a collodion membrane. 2.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PURIFICATION : I. THE DISSOCIATION OF PRECIPITATES FORMED BY PNEUMOCOCCUS SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES AND HOMOLOGOUS ANTIBODIES.

1. Quantitative data are given on the effect of changes in hydrogen ion concentration and of salt solutions of high concentration on certain immune precipitates obtained at lower salt concentration. 2.

QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : EFFECT OF SALTS ON THE REACTION.

1. A quantitative study has been made of the effect on the precipitin reaction between the specific polysaccharide of Type III pneumococcus and the homologous antibody of salt concentrations ranging from O.1 M to 1.

CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION : II. THE IDENTITY OF PRECIPITIN AND AGGLUTININ.

1. The absolute, quantitative agglutinin method has been used for the determination of the presence or absence of small amounts of specific polysaccharide in pneumococcus variants. 2.

STUDIES ON THE VIRUS OF INFLUENZA.

1. Evidence is presented indicating the presence of a filtrable virus in the nasopharyngeal secretions of individuals suffering from influenza. 2.

STUDIES ON THE COMMON COLD : VI. CULTIVATION OF THE VIRUS IN TISSUE MEDIUM.

1. Studies of the cultivation of the virus of common cold in tissue medium, and the capacity of the culture virus to induce infection in human volunteers are reported. 2.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE BLOOD CHOLESTEROL OF RABBITS IN RELATION TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

1. The action of potassium iodide in preventing a significant rise in the blood cholesterol of rabbits fed cholesterol was temporary. After about 4 months it lost its effectiveness and the blood cholesterol rose.

A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : III. THE REACTION BETWEEN CRYSTALLINE EGG ALBUMIN AND ITS HOMOLOGOUS ANTIBODY.

1. A quantitative theory of the precipitin reaction based on the laws of classical chemistry has now been found applicable to the crystalline egg albumin-antibody system. Equations derived from the theory permit the calculation of the behavior of an anti-egg albumin serum over most of the reaction range after a few quantitative analyses have been made for the nitrogen precipitated.

A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : II. A STUDY OF AN AZOPROTEIN-ANTIBODY SYSTEM.

1. A quantitative theory of the precipitin reaction based on the laws of classical chemistry has been tested on an azoprotein-antiprotein system and found to apply. 2.

THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND ISOELECTRIC POINT OF THYROGLOBULIN.

1. The sedimentation constant of hog thyroglobulin is 19.2c10(-13).