Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.

Effects of Food Processing on Allergenicity.

Purpose Of Review: There is an increasing awareness among clinicians that industrial and household food processing methods can increase or decrease the allergenicity of foods. Modification to allergen properties through processing can enable dietary liberations. Reduced allergenicity may also allow for lower risk immunotherapy approaches.

Cardiac growth patterns and metabolism before and after birth in swine: Role of miR in proliferation, hypertrophy and metabolism.

The adult mammalian heart is unable to undergo cardiac repair, limiting potential treatment options after cardiac damage. However, the fetal heart is capable of cardiac repair. In preparation for birth, cardiomyocytes (CMs) undergo major maturational changes that include exit from the cell cycle, hypertrophic growth, and mitochondrial maturation.

Does using the Lung Clearance Index (LCI) inform clinical decisions in children with cystic fibrosis?

Introduction: The Lung Clearance Index (LCI) is an established research test, but its role in clinical decision-making is not well defined. This study estimated the proportion of treatment decisions that are changed or supported by the added information provided by LCI.

Methods: A mixed methods prospective observational study was conducted in North America.

The association between self-reported total gestational weight gain by pre-pregnancy body mass index and moderate to late preterm birth.

Background: Inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has been associated with preterm birth. However, studies demonstrate inconsistent associations.

Objectives: We examined the associations between categorical and continuous total GWG and moderate to late preterm birth (32-<37 weeks), and evaluated differences in these associations by pre-pregnancy BMI.

Systematic Analysis of the Design, Methodology and Patient Population Characteristics of the Pediatric Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Trials of Venous Thromboembolism Treatment.

Introduction: The pediatric direct oral anticoagulation (DOAC) trials provide an opportunity to evaluate and characterize challenges in their design and execution to inform future antithrombotic trials.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of pediatric DOAC trials for the treatment of venous thromboembolism to critically appraise their methodology and understand the feasibility and challenges.

Methods: Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.

Left-Right Brain-Wide Asymmetry of Neuroanatomy in the Mouse Brain.

Left-right asymmetry of the human brain is widespread through its anatomy and function. However, limited microscopic understanding of it exists, particularly for anatomical asymmetry where there are few well-established animal models. In humans, most brain regions show subtle, population-average regional asymmetries in thickness or surface area, alongside a macro-scale twisting called the cerebral petalia in which the right hemisphere protrudes anteriorly past the left.

LINE1 elements at distal junctions of rDNA repeats regulate nucleolar organization in human embryonic stem cells.

The nucleolus is a major subnuclear compartment where ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is transcribed and ribosomes are assembled. In addition, recent studies have shown that the nucleolus is a dynamic organizer of chromatin architecture that modulates developmental gene expression. rDNA gene units are assembled into arrays located in the p-arms of five human acrocentric chromosomes.

Major ABO Incompatibility in Non-Myeloablative Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease-Not an Insurmountable Obstacle.

With advances in conditioning strategies and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prevention, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a safe, curative treatment option for pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, donor options have been limited in non-myeloablative matched sibling donor (MSD) setting by excluding recipients with major ABO blood group incompatible donors due to concern of the risk of significant complications such as pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). We present three cases of successful HSCT with major ABO incompatibility with their donors, and discuss strategies to safely expand the donor pool to include these donors.

"Blindness" is not a contraindication for voretigene neparvovec-rzyl treatment-a review of 9 cases.

Objective: Biallelic RPE65 pathogenic variants may cause Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Voretigene neparvovec-rzyl (VN, Luxturna) is the only approved subretinal gene therapy that demonstrated benefit and safety. The eligibility criteria are vague and variable between centres.

Prenatal intervention for a large ureterocele in a male fetus causing lower urinary tract obstruction "Society of Fetal Urology Case Reports, Fall 2024".

A male fetus at 20 weeks of gestation presented with severe bilateral hydroureteronephrosis and distended bladder due to a large ureterocele. A percutaneous ureterocele puncture at 21+3 weeks aimed to decompress the ureterocele, unclog the lower urinary tract, and prevent renal damage. Post-puncture, the ureterocele decompressed, with improved left hydronephrosis and a normal right kidney.

Maintenance treatment with vedolizumab in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (VEDOKIDS): 54-week outcomes of a multicentre, prospective, cohort study.

Background: Infliximab and adalimumab are the only biologics thus far approved for paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), so other biologics, such as vedolizumab, are prescribed off-label. Despite its frequent use, prospective data for vedolizumab treatment in children are available only for short-term induction outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy with vedolizumab in paediatric patients with IBD.

Predictive model of neurodevelopmental outcome in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Objectives: To build an early, prognostic model for adverse outcome in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) receiving therapeutic hypothermia (TH) based on brain magnetic resonance images (MRI), electrophysiological tests and clinical assessments were performed during the first 5 days of life.

Methods: Retrospective study of 182 neonates with HIE and managed with TH. The predominant pattern of HIE brain injury on MRI performed following cooling was scored by neuroradiologists.

Like milk on the stove: Healthcare professionals navigating uncertainty when caring for families with 22q11DS.

Introduction: 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) results from a microdeletion on chromosome 22 and is the most common microdeletion disorder in humans, affecting 1 in 2148 live births. Clinical manifestations vary widely among individuals and across different life stages. Effective management requires the involvement of a specialized multidisciplinary team.

Medicine availability and affordability for paediatric cancers, China.

Objective: To investigate access to essential anticancer medicines for children throughout China.

Methods: We obtained cross-sectional drug use data for 2021 from 55 tertiary children's hospitals in seven geographical regions (one third of public children's hospitals in mainland China). Affordability was assessed by comparing the single-day copayment for each medicine with the same generic name and route of administration (i.

Changing or validating physician opioid prescribing behaviors through audit and feedback and academic detailing interventions in primary care.

Background: In Ontario, Canada, province-wide initiatives supporting safer opioid prescribing in primary care include voluntary audit and feedback reports and academic detailing. In this process evaluation, we aimed to determine the fidelity of delivery and receipt of the interventions, the observed change strategies used by physicians, potential mechanisms of action, and how complementary the initiatives can be to each other.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with academic detailers and with physicians who received both interventions.

Achieving excellence in paediatric cardiac care in resource limited and resource plentiful settings and building successful care networks across different countries.

Background: The delivery of paediatric cardiac care across the world occurs in settings with significant variability in available resources. Irrespective of the resources locally available, we must always strive to improve the quality of care we provide to our patients and simultaneously deliver such care in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. The development of cardiac networks is used widely to achieve these aims.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).

Inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies).

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID), now often referred to as inborn errors of immunity (IEI), are a large heterogeneous group of disorders that result from deficiencies in immune system development and/or function. IEIs can be broadly classified as disorders of adaptive immunity (e.g.

Videolaryngoscopy in paediatrics: in search of the clinical evidence.

Despite the numerous recent trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have not conclusively shown superiority of videolaryngoscopy over other techniques for tracheal intubation of children. Clinical trials have shown significant differences using various outcome measures, but the overall clinical evidence remains weak. An international group of experts is currently working on developing good clinical research practice guidelines for paediatric airway management research, with the ultimate aim of identifying a core set of outcomes to be applied to develop future robust and comparable trials.

Health recommender systems to facilitate collaborative decision-making in chronic disease management: A scoping review.

Objective: Health recommender systems (HRSs) are increasingly used to complement existing clinical decision-making processes, but their use for chronic diseases remains underexplored. Recognizing the importance of collaborative decision making (CDM) and patient engagement in chronic disease treatment, this review explored how HRSs support patients in managing their illness.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, advanced by Levac et al.

Perspectives on Conducting Behavioral Intervention With Adolescents Using a Virtual Platform-A Thematic Analysis From the Viewpoint of Study Coordinators.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread adoption of virtual communication platforms. Virtual study visits were implemented in the pilot cluster randomized trial (CRT) stage of Teen Adherence in KidnEy transplant Improving Tracking To Optimize Outcomes (TAKE-IT TOO). The present study aimed to understand study coordinators' perspectives on conducting a behavioral intervention with adolescent kidney transplant recipients using virtual conferencing platforms.