Assessment and ascertainment in psychiatric molecular genetics: challenges and opportunities for cross-disorder research.

Psychiatric disorders are highly comorbid, heritable, and genetically correlated [1-4]. The primary objective of cross-disorder psychiatric genetics research is to identify and characterize both the shared genetic factors that contribute to convergent disease etiologies and the unique genetic factors that distinguish between disorders [4, 5]. This information can illuminate the biological mechanisms underlying comorbid presentations of psychopathology, improve nosology and prediction of illness risk and trajectories, and aid the development of more effective and targeted interventions.

The financial impact of MD-PhD training compared with MD training for academic physicians.

To reduce debt burden and encourage the pursuit of research-focused careers, most MD-PhD programs provide medical school tuition remission and an annual stipend. However, prolonged training compared with MD physicians postpones the time until MD-PhD physicians earn a full salary. We compared lifetime earning potential for MD-PhD physicians in academia with their MD colleagues in the same clinical specialty.

An atypical abdominal manifestation of retroperitoneal teratoma: Case report.

Introduction & Importance: Teratomas, typically situated in midline areas like the sacrococcygeal region, may rarely manifest in the retroperitoneal region. Often asymptomatic and incidentally discovered, they can lead to complications such as infection, tumor rupture, or, exceptionally, peritonitis.

Case Presentation: In a 2-year-old child with a history of trauma, an atypical presentation of acute abdomen and peritonitis was observed.

Physical development of infants born to patients with COVID-19 during pregnancy: 2 years of age.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and pandemic circumstances could negatively impact infant development. This study aimed to investigate the physical development, common pediatric illness incidence, and healthcare utilization over the first 2 years of life of infants born to COVID+ and COVID- patients. Comparisons were also made with infants born pre-pandemic.

Simulation-Based Training in Clinical Event Debriefing Improves Leadership Performance.

Objectives: Clinical event debriefing (CED) improves healthcare team performance and patient outcomes. Most pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians do not receive formal training in leading CED. Our objectives were to develop a CED curriculum and evaluate its effect on performance, knowledge, comfort, and clinical practice.

Preparing Military Interprofessional Health Care Teams for Effective Collaboration.

Introduction: Military Interprofessional Health care Teams (MIHTs) are the backbone of modern military medicine. However, these teams face distinct operational challenges, including frequent personnel rotation, diverse work environments, and the constant possibility of rapid deployment. Serving in dynamic teams that deploy for both military and humanitarian missions, MIHTs face the unique challenge of constant restructuring and reorganization.

Automated and closed clinical-grade manufacturing protocol produces potent NK cells against neuroblastoma cells and AML blasts.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a promising allogeneic immunotherapy option due to their natural ability to kill tumor cells, and due to their apparent safety. This study describes the development of a GMP-compliant manufacturing protocol for the local production of functionally potent NK cells tailored for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and neuroblastoma (NBL) patients. Moreover, the quality control strategy and considerations for product batch specifications in early clinical development are described.

Athletic Identity Associations in Young Sports Medicine Patients.

Introduction: Few studies have assessed athletic identity levels in young patients. This study examined athletic identity in adolescents and explored associations between athletic identity, patterns of sport participation, and coping skills.

Methods: Patients aged 12 to 18 years who received sports medicine care completed a one-time, voluntary, anonymous survey.

The NUDGE Framework: Application to Address Behavioral Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy in Adolescents Living With HIV in Eswatini.

Behavioral economics offers a unique opportunity to understand the social, cognitive, and psychological nuances that may influence health behavior. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the application of NUDGE, a novel behavioral economics and design thinking framework, to address barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents living with HIV in eSwatini. NUDGE comprises five steps: (1) Narrow the focus to a specific target behavior, (2) Understand the context of the behavior through inquiry, (3) Discover behavioral insights related to the target behavior, (4) Generate intervention design features to address behavioral barriers to the target behavior, and (5) Evaluate the design features through iterative pilot testing.

Pre-existing Diabetes and Stillbirth or Perinatal Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Despite the well-recognized association between pre-existing diabetes mellitus and stillbirth or perinatal mortality, there remain knowledge gaps about the strength of association across different populations. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the association between pre-existing diabetes and stillbirth or perinatal mortality, and secondarily, to identify risk factors predictive of stillbirth or perinatal mortality among those with pre-existing diabetes.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to April 2022.

Identification and Characterization of Chemotherapy-Resistant High-Risk Neuroblastoma Persister Cells.

Relapse rates in high-risk neuroblastoma remain exceedingly high. The malignant cells that are responsible for relapse have not been identified, and mechanisms of therapy resistance remain poorly understood. In this study, we used single-nucleus RNA sequencing and bulk whole-genome sequencing to identify and characterize the residual malignant persister cells that survive chemotherapy from a cohort of 20 matched diagnosis and definitive surgery tumor samples from patients treated with high-risk neuroblastoma induction chemotherapy.

Surveillance of adverse events following immunisation in Australia, COVID-19 vaccines, 2021.

This report summarises Australia's spontaneous (passive) surveillance data for adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in 2021 reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). The TGA strongly promoted and facilitated adverse event reporting in preparation for, and during, the COVID-19 vaccine rollout as a core component of the most intensive vaccine safety monitoring ever conducted in Australia. There were 111,348 AEFI reports for COVID-19 vaccines administered in 2021, an annual AEFI reporting rate of 271.

Surveillance of adverse events following immunisation in Australia annual report, 2021.

This report summarises Australia's spontaneous surveillance data for adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) for 2021 reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and describes reporting trends over the 22-year period 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. This report excludes AEFI reports featuring pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, which are reported separately. There were 3,452 AEFI reports for non-COVID-19 vaccines administered in 2021, an annual AEFI reporting rate of 13.

Patterns of recurrence after radiotherapy for high-risk neuroblastoma: Implications for radiation dose and field.

Background: Prognosis for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL) is guarded despite aggressive therapy, and few studies have characterized outcomes after radiotherapy in relation to radiation treatment fields.

Methods: Multi-institutional retrospective cohort of 293 patients with HR-NBL who received autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and EBRT between 1997-2021. LRR was defined as recurrence at the primary site or within one nodal echelon beyond disease present at diagnosis.

Child Opportunity Index and Diagnosis of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Insights From a Children's Hospital Serving Disadvantaged Communities.

Introduction: Initiation of Pavlik harness treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) by 6 to 7 weeks of age predicts a higher rate of success. Child Opportunity Index (COI) 2.0 is a single metric designed to measure resources and conditions affecting children's healthy development.

Developmental isoform diversity in the human neocortex informs neuropsychiatric risk mechanisms.

RNA splicing is highly prevalent in the brain and has strong links to neuropsychiatric disorders; yet, the role of cell type-specific splicing and transcript-isoform diversity during human brain development has not been systematically investigated. In this work, we leveraged single-molecule long-read sequencing to deeply profile the full-length transcriptome of the germinal zone and cortical plate regions of the developing human neocortex at tissue and single-cell resolution. We identified 214,516 distinct isoforms, of which 72.

Brain cell-type shifts in Alzheimer's disease, autism, and schizophrenia interrogated using methylomics and genetics.

Few neuropsychiatric disorders have replicable biomarkers, prompting high-resolution and large-scale molecular studies. However, we still lack consensus on a more foundational question: whether quantitative shifts in cell types-the functional unit of life-contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders. Leveraging advances in human brain single-cell methylomics, we deconvolve seven major cell types using bulk DNA methylation profiling across 1270 postmortem brains, including from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and autism.