Higher versus lower blood pressure targets after cardiac arrest: Systematic review with individual patient data meta-analysis.

Purpose: Guidelines recommend targeting mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 65 mmHg in patients after cardiac arrest (CA). Recent trials have studied the effects of targeting a higher MAP as compared to a lower MAP after CA. We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to investigate the effects of higher versus lower MAP targets on patient outcome.

The role of gluten challenge in the diagnosis of celiac disease: a review.

Introduction: Duodenal biopsy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of celiac disease, with increasing utilization of serology. A gluten challenge may be required, for example, when dietary gluten reduction precedes appropriate diagnostic evaluations. Evidence on the best challenge protocol is currently sparse.

Effect of milk protein and whey permeate in large quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement on linear growth and body composition among stunted children: A randomized 2 × 2 factorial trial in Uganda.

Background: Despite possible benefits for growth, milk is costly to include in foods for undernourished children. Furthermore, the relative effects of different milk components, milk protein (MP), and whey permeate (WP) are unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of MP and WP in lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS), and of LNS itself, on linear growth and body composition among stunted children.

Retrospective Analysis of Artifacts in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images Used to Diagnose Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is frequently used to corroborate the signs and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, artifacts induced by dental restorations might complicate the diagnosis of CRS. Here, we assessed the frequency and location of artifacts in CBCT images taken to confirm the CRS.

Biological and pathological mechanisms leading to the birth of a small vulnerable newborn.

The pathway to a thriving newborn begins before conception and continues in utero with a healthy placenta and the right balance of nutrients and growth factors that are timed and sequenced alongside hormonal suppression of labour until a mature infant is ready for birth. Optimal nutrition that includes adequate quantities of quality protein, energy, essential fats, and an extensive range of vitamins and minerals not only supports fetal growth but could also prevent preterm birth by supporting the immune system and alleviating oxidative stress. Infection, illness, undernourishment, and harmful environmental exposures can alter this trajectory leading to an infant who is too small due to either poor growth during pregnancy or preterm birth.

A brief review of the WHO reporting system for lung cytopathology.

The International Academy of Cytology has joined with the International Agency for Research on Cancer to bring together a group of experts in lung cytopathology to develop a WHO Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology (WHO System). This System aims to improve and standardize the reporting of cytopathology, facilitate communication between cytopathologists and clinicians, and improve patient care. The WHO System describes 5 categories for reporting lung cytopathology: 'Insufficient/Inadequate/Nondiagnostic', 'Benign', 'Atypical', 'Suspicious for malignancy', and 'Malignant', each one with a clear descriptive term, a definition, a risk of malignancy, and a suggested management algorithm.

Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000-2021.

Objective: To examine prevalence of novel newborn types among 541 285 live births in 23 countries from 2000 to 2021.

Design: Descriptive multi-country secondary data analysis.

Setting: Subnational, population-based birth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) spanning 2000-2021.

Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns: A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 203 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017.

Objective: We aimed to understand the mortality risks of vulnerable newborns (defined as preterm and/or born weighing smaller or larger compared to a standard population), in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Design: Descriptive multi-country, secondary analysis of individual-level study data of babies born since 2000.

Setting: Sixteen subnational, population-based studies from nine LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, and Latin America.

Causes of fatal traumatic brain injury in Finland.

Objective: The phenotype of patients who suffer fatal traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorly characterized. The authors examined the external causes, contributing diseases, and preinjury medication in adult patients with fatal TBI in a nationwide Finnish cohort.

Methods: Deaths caused by TBIs in Finland were examined among decedents aged ≥ 16 years during 2005-2020 from the national Cause of Death Registry.

Recurrence of arteriovenous malformations of the brain after complete surgical resection. Kuopio University Hospital experience and systematic review of the literature.

Treatment for arteriovenous malformations of the brain (bAVMs) aims to achieve complete removal or occlusion of the lesion in order to eradicate the risk of rupture and subsequent morbidity associated with these lesions. Despite initially successful treatment, bAVMs may carry a risk of recurrence especially in younger patients. We studied the rate of recurrence of surgically treated bAVMs at Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) in 1981-2021.

Pregnancy-associated stroke and the recurrence of stroke and other complications in subsequent pregnancies: Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To examine the outcomes of the subsequent pregnancies from women with a previous pregnancy-associated stroke (PAS) in comparison to matched controls.

Design: Population-based retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Population: All women with a PAS in Finland 1987-2016 (n = 235) and controls (n = 694).

Relationship Between Baseline Prostate-specific Antigen on Cancer Detection and Prostate Cancer Death: Long-term Follow-up from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.

Background: The European Association of Urology guidelines recommend a risk-based strategy for prostate cancer screening based on the first prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and age.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the first PSA level on prostate cancer (PCa) detection and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM) in a population-based screening trial (repeat screening every 2-4 yr).

Design, Setting, And Participants: We evaluated 25589 men aged 55-59 yr, 16898 men aged 60-64 yr, and 12936 men aged 65-69 yr who attended at least one screening visit in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial (screening arm: repeat PSA testing every 2-4 yr and biopsy in cases with elevated PSA; control arm: no active screening offered) during 16-yr follow-up (FU).

What is the role of puberty in the development of islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes?

In many populations, the peak period of incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been observed to be around 10-14 years of age, coinciding with puberty, but direct evidence of the role of puberty in the development of T1D is limited. We therefore aimed to investigate whether puberty and the timing of its onset are associated with the development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and subsequent progression to T1D. A Finnish population-based cohort of children with HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to T1D was followed from 7 years of age until 15 years of age or until a diagnosis of T1D (n = 6920).

Decoding brain basis of laughter and crying in natural scenes.

Laughter and crying are universal signals of prosociality and distress, respectively. Here we investigated the functional brain basis of perceiving laughter and crying using naturalistic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach. We measured haemodynamic brain activity evoked by laughter and crying in three experiments with 100 subjects in each.

Prescribed antiseizure medication doses and their relation to defined daily doses for achieving seizure freedom in newly diagnosed patients with epilepsy.

Objectives: To investigate the antiseizure medication (ASM) doses required to achieve seizure freedom and their correlation with the World Health Organization's defined daily doses (DDDs) in patients aged 16 years or older with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Methods: The study included 459 patients with a validated diagnosis of new-onset epilepsy. Patient records were retrospectively analyzed to determine the ASM doses in patients with or without seizure freedom during follow-up.

Twenty-one-year follow-up revealed guideline-concordant and non-concordant trends in intensive care of bronchiolitis.

Unlabelled: To evaluate the management of bronchiolitis in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) before and after publication of the national bronchiolitis guidelines in June 2015. All infants treated between 2016-2020 for bronchiolitis in the PICU of Tampere University Hospital at < 12 months of age were included. The data were retrospectively collected from electronic patient records.

Burden of suspected epileptic seizures on emergency services: A population-based study.

Background And Purpose: Patients with acute epileptic seizures form a large patient group in emergency neurology. This study aims to determine the burden caused by suspected epileptic seizures at different steps in emergency care.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, population-based (>1,000,000 inhabitants), 4-year (2015-2018) study was conducted in an urban setting with a single dispatch centre, a university hospital-affiliated emergency medical service (EMS), and five emergency departments (EDs).

The characteristics of elevated blood pressure in abdominal obesity correspond to primary hypertension: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obesity-related hypertension and the associated metabolic abnormalities are considered as a distinct hypertensive phenotype. Here we examined how abdominal fat content, as judged by waist:height ratio, influenced blood pressure and hemodynamic profile in normotensive subjects and never-treated hypertensive patients.

Methods: The 541 participants (20-72 years) underwent physical examination and laboratory analyses and were divided into age and sex-adjusted quartiles of waist:height ratio.

Dostarlimab for Primary Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer.

Background: Dostarlimab is an immune-checkpoint inhibitor that targets the programmed cell death 1 receptor. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy may have synergistic effects in the treatment of endometrial cancer.

Methods: We conducted a phase 3, global, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Functional organization of social perception networks in the human brain.

Humans rapidly extract diverse and complex information from ongoing social interactions, but the perceptual and neural organization of the different aspects of social perception remains unresolved. We showed short movie clips with rich social content to 97 healthy participants while their haemodynamic brain activity was measured with fMRI. The clips were annotated moment-to-moment for a large set of social features and 45 of the features were evaluated reliably between annotators.

Risk of lymphoid malignancies increased after Puumala virus infection in Finland, 2009-2019: A retrospective register-based cohort study.

Objectives: The Puumala virus (PUUV) is a hantavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Studies showing an increased risk of lymphoid malignancies after hantavirus infection, together with the observation that PUUV infects B cells, motivated us to study the risk of lymphoid malignancies after PUUV infection.

Methods: We linked data from the Finnish Cancer Registry and National Infectious Diseases Register for 2009-2019.

Impaired cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional case-control study in the era of biologic drug therapies.

Background: In recent years, biologic drug therapies have altered the course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) possibly also improving the patients' physical fitness. However, studies measuring both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in children with JIA are sparse and have failed to show consistent results. Our aim was to assess both cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness and contributing factors in children and adolescents with JIA in the era of biologic drug therapies.