Candidiasis (oropharyngeal).

Introduction: Candida is a fungus present in the mouths of up to 60% of healthy people, but overt infection is associated with immunosuppression, diabetes, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and corticosteroid use. In most people, untreated candidiasis persists for months or years unless associated risk factors are treated or eliminated. In neonates, spontaneous cure of oropharyngeal candidiasis usually occurs after 3 to 8 weeks.

Candidiasis (oropharyngeal).

Introduction: Candida is a fungus present in the mouths of up to 60% of healthy people, but overt infection is associated with immunosuppression, diabetes, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and corticosteroid use. In most people, untreated candidiasis persists for months or years unless associated risk factors are treated or eliminated. In neonates, spontaneous cure of oropharyngeal candidiasis usually occurs after 3 to 8 weeks.

Candidiasis (oropharyngeal).

Introduction: Candida is present in the mouths of up to 60% of healthy people, but overt infection is associated with immunosuppression, diabetes, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and corticosteroid use. In most people, untreated candidiasis persists for months or years unless associated risk factors are treated or eliminated. In neonates, spontaneous cure of oropharyngeal candidiasis usually occurs after 3-8 weeks.

A radiographic method of estimating surface area of amalgam restorations.

Unlabelled: Mercury released from the surface of amalgam fillings has been linked to a variety of disorders, but without proof of correlation. Studies use surface counts to estimate this variable, but large-scale studies would require a tool to rapidly and accurately assess restoration surface area.

Objectives: This study investigated digital analysis of conventional dental radiographs as a means of estimating amalgam surface area.

Wilfred Batten Lewis Trotter 1872-1939.

The general surgeon, Wilfred Trotter (1872-1939), earned a reputation for his advances in head and neck surgery and his important contribution to the founding concepts of bio-sociology. He pioneered an operation for resection of tumours of the oropharynx, which he published in 1920. He also recognised the importance of total excision of tumours regardless of anatomical boundaries.

Expression of keratin K2e in cutaneous and oral lesions: association with keratinocyte activation, proliferation, and keratinization.

The cytoskeleton in keratinocytes is a complex of highly homologous structural proteins derived from two families of type I and type II polypeptides. Keratin K2e is a type II polypeptide that is expressed in epidermis late in differentiation. Here we report the influence of keratinocyte activation, proliferation, and keratinization on K2e expression in samples of cutaneous and oral lesions.

The effect of medicated chewing gums on oral health in frail older people: a 1-year clinical trial.

Objectives: To determine the effects of a medicated chewing gum on the oral health of frail older people.

Design: A controlled, double-blind trial using three groups based on random allocation of residential homes.

Setting: Sixteen residential homes in West Hertfordshire, England.

The effect of chlorhexidine acetate/xylitol chewing gum on the plaque and gingival indices of elderly occupants in residential homes.

Aim: A randomised, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of a chlorhexidine acetate/xylitol gum (ACHX) on the plaque and gingival indices of 111 elderly occupants in residential homes. A gum containing xylitol alone (X) and a no gum (N) group was included. Participants' opinions about chewing gum were also investigated.

Removal of fractured posts using ultrasonic vibration: an in vivo study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ultrasonic vibration in the removal of fractured posts from teeth under true clinical conditions. Thirty patients (16 men and 14 women with a mean age of 51 yr, SD 13.13) had ultrasonic vibration applied to the side of a fractured post fragment after creation of a small gutter around the fragment.

The use of panoramic radiography in a dental accident and emergency department.

Objectives: To determine the rate of appropriate requests for panoramic radiography (PR) in a Dental Accident and Emergency Department and the implications for patient dose.

Methods: Two hundred and seventy-one requests for PR during July 1998 were assessed by two dental radiologists and categorised as appropriate or inappropriate based on established selection criteria. Incidental findings that might alter patient management were also noted.

Variation in the response to ductal obstruction of feline submandibular and sublingual salivary glands and the importance of the innervation.

A variable response following ductal ligation of feline salivary glands corresponds to the human condition but contrasts with a predictable atrophy in obstructed salivary glands of rodents popularly used as a model for human salivary problems. The present investigation is concerned with a possible reason for the variable response, namely the preservation of the innervation. Ducts of feline submandibular and sublingual salivary glands were ligated with or without the inclusion of the chorda tympani.

A clinical and microbiological study of approximal carious lesions. Part 2: efficacy of caries removal following tunnel and class II cavity preparations.

A randomized controlled clinical study was set up to assess caries removal following tunnel preparation (test group) and class II cavity preparation (control group). Sixty approximal lesions in adult posterior teeth, visible in the outer third of dentine on bite-wing radiographs, were referred for operative treatment. Initial dentine samples were taken on entry to the lesions in both groups.

A clinical and microbiological study of approximal carious lesions. Part 1: the relationship between cavitation, radiographic lesion depth, the site-specific gingival index and the level of infection of the dentine.

A clinical study was carried out to assess relationship between the presence of approximal cavitation, the radiographic depth of the lesion, the site-specific gingival index and the level of infection of the dentine. Adult patients assessed as needing operative treatment and presenting with approximal lesions visible in the outer third of dentine on bite-wing radiographs were included in the study. Direct lesion depth measurements were recorded from the radiographs and the site-specific gingival index adjacent to the lesion was noted.

The effects of ductal obstruction on the acinar cells of the parotid of cat.

Twenty-nine parotids ligated for between 1 and 365 days were examined by light and electron microscopy. Major changes in the acini were seen at 4 days and included vacuolation, disintegration, extravasation, apoptosis, phagy and a reduction in number and size of secretory granules. There was a further reduction in secretory granules from 7 to 12 days, but acinar cells persisted even up to 365 days, some contained a luminal concentration of small secretory granules and occasionally acinar cells of a similar appearance to normal were found.

A controlled study of relative periodontal attachment loss in people with HIV infection.

Objective: To compare the progression of periodontal destruction in people with and without HIV.

Method: Relative attachment loss on 6 index teeth was compared between 19 people with HIV and 17 people without HIV infection over 12 and 18 month follow ups.

Results: The proportions of sites with 1, 2 or 3 mm of relative attachment loss were similar in the study and control groups.