Gender differences found in a qualitative study of a disordered eating prevention programme: What do boys have to say?

Qualitative studies examining gender differences of eating disorder prevention programmes are scarce. We aimed to evaluate gender differences in adolescents who participated in a larger study on effectiveness of a disordered eating prevention programme. Perceptions of eating, female and male aesthetic models, media influences, prevention programmes and emerging topics from 12 school-going boys who received a media-literacy programme (n = 4), media-literacy plus nutrition-awareness programme (n = 4) or neither (n = 4) were explored using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and compared with previous results in girls.

Burns in children: the importance of assessing for non-accidental injuries.

Children represent 30% of all burn cases seen by accident and emergency physicians in the UK every year, with toddlers being most at risk within this age group. With the emergence of walking autonomy, the need for constant supervision is sometimes not enough to prevent this type of injury from happening. However, in remembering the importance of children's health and safety, non-accidental injury is always to remain a differential diagnosis.

Superficial ulnar artery terminating in a normal ulnar artery.

Routine dissection of the left upper limb of an 86-year-old male cadaver showed a superficial ulnar artery that anastomosed with the ulnar artery. The superficial ulnar artery arose from the third part of the axillary artery, coursed distally over the flexor muscles of the forearm, and terminated by anastomosing with the ulnar artery in the distal third of the forearm. Arterial and neural variations were also observed on the contralateral side.

Organ transplantation--how much of the promise has been realized?

Since the introduction of organ transplantation into medical practice, progress and optimism have been abundant. Improvements in immunosuppressive drugs and ancillary care have led to outstanding short-term (1--3-year) patient and graft survival rates. This success is mitigated by several problems, including poor long-term (>5-year) graft survival rates, the need for continual immunosuppressive medication and the discrepancy between the demand for organs and the supply.

A multicentre observational study of presentation and early assessment of acute stroke.

Objective: To investigate delays in the presentation to hospital and evaluation of patients with suspected stroke.

Design: Multicentre prospective observational study.

Setting: 22 hospitals in the United Kingdom and Dublin.

Pathways to HIV testing and care by black African and white patients in London.

Objective: To examine factors associated with uptake of HIV clinic services by black African HIV positive people living in London.

Design: Questionnaire survey of patients attending study clinic.

Setting: HIV outpatient clinic in south London, UK.

Predictive genetic testing in children and adults: a study of emotional impact.

Aim: To determine whether, following predictive genetic testing for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), children or adults receiving positive results experience clinically significant levels of anxiety or depression, and whether children receiving positive results experience higher levels of anxiety or depression than adults receiving positive results.

Design: Two studies, one cross sectional and one prospective.

Sample: 208 unaffected subjects (148 adults and 60 children) at risk for FAP who have undergone genetic testing since 1990.

"Extracts from "Clinical evidence": Menopausal symptoms.

Definition: Menopause begins one year after the last menstrual period. Symptoms often begin in the perimenopausal years. INCIDENCE/PREVALENCE: In the United Kingdom the mean age for the menopause is 50 years 9 months.

Knowledge and communication difficulties for patients with chronic heart failure: qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore patients' understanding of chronic heart failure; to investigate their need for information and issues concerning communication.

Design: Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews by a constant comparative approach.

Participants: 27 patients identified by cardiology and care of the elderly physicians as having symptomatic heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class of II, III, or IV) and who had been admitted to hospital with heart failure in the past 20 months.

Immunohistochemical analysis of human CD5 positive B cells: mantle cells and mantle cell lymphoma are not equivalent in terms of CD5 expression.

CD5 is expressed by most T cells and a subset of B cells. Human CD5 positive B cells are present in fetal lymphoid tissue, their frequency decreasing with fetal age. In adult human tissues, CD5 positive B cells have been reported to be present in the germinal centre and mantle zone.

Promoting self-care in epilepsy: the views of patients on the advice they had received from specialists, family doctors and an epilepsy nurse.

The aim of the study was to examine patients' satisfaction with information and advice on epilepsy and self-care provided by medical specialists, general practitioners and a special nurse. We interviewed patients following a trial of nurse-run clinics for epilepsy in general practice. 44 patients, two-thirds of whom had at least one epilepsy attack in the prior 6 months were seen in their homes in the south of England.

Oxidants, antioxidants and alcohol: implications for skeletal and cardiac muscle.

The chronic form of alcoholic skeletal myopathy is characterized by selective atrophy of Type II fibers and affects up to two thirds of all alcohol misusers. Plasma selenium and alpha-tocopherol are reduced in myopathic alcoholics compared to alcoholic patients without myopathy. Plasma carnosinase is also reduced in myopathic alcoholics, implicating a mechanism related to reduced intramuscular carnosine, an imidazole dipeptide with putative antioxidant properties.

Paraneoplastic painful ulnar neuropathy.

A 58-year-old woman developed painful, bilateral ulnar neuropathy in conjunction with small cell lung carcinoma and high serum titer of anti-Hu antibody. An incidental stage I plasma cell dyscrasia, with immunoglobulin G kappa monoclonal protein, was also present. Electropysiological assessment excluded a generalized neuropathy, and nerve biopsy showed marked loss of myelinated and small unmyelinated fibers, without inflammatory changes or amyloid deposition.

Is there a Gulf War syndrome?

Background: UK veterans of the Gulf War report more ill health than servicemen who were not deployed to the Gulf War. We investigated whether the pattern of symptom reporting by veterans of the Gulf War differed from that in active servicemen who had not fought in the Gulf War or who had fought in other conflicts.

Methods: We used a population-based cross-sectional design.

Health of UK servicemen who served in Persian Gulf War.

Background: Various symptoms in military personnel in the Persian Gulf War 1990-91 have caused international speculation and concern. We investigated UK servicemen.

Methods: We did a cross-sectional postal survey on a random sample of Gulf War veterans (Gulf War cohort, n=4248) and, stratified for age and rank, servicemen deployed to the Bosnia conflict (Bosnia cohort, n=4250) and those serving during the Gulf War but not deployed there (Era cohort, n=4246).

Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the general population.

Background: Associations have been shown between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastro-oesophageal reflux, between gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma, and more recently between IBS and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR).

Aims: To explore the inter-relations between these conditions.

Subjects: A randomly selected community sample of 4432 adults.