Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition (NEON) participatory learning and action women's groups to improve infant feeding and practices in South Asian infants: pilot randomised trial study protocol.

Introduction: Feeding practices developed in early life can impact a child's nutrition, growth, dental health, cognitive development and lifetime risk of chronic diseases. Substantial evidence suggests ethnic health inequalities, and non-recommended complementary infant feeding practices among UK's South Asian (SA) population. Nurture Early for Optimal Nutrition aims to use women's group participatory learning and action (PLA) cycles to optimise infant feeding, care and dental hygiene practices in SA infants <2 years in East London.

Ocular toxicity following carboplatin chemotherapy for neuroendocrine tumour of the bladder.

Introduction: Carboplatin is a commonly used platinum analogue chemotherapeutic agent that is similar to cisplatin but is known to be better tolerated. This case report outlines a case of ocular toxicity following carboplatin chemotherapy used for the management of a neuroendocrine tumour of the bladder.

Case Report: A 70-year-old man with a history of neuroendocrine bladder cancer underwent chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide.

Can natural language processing models extract and classify instances of interpersonal violence in mental healthcare electronic records: an applied evaluative study.

Objective: This paper evaluates the application of a natural language processing (NLP) model for extracting clinical text referring to interpersonal violence using electronic health records (EHRs) from a large mental healthcare provider.

Design: A multidisciplinary team iteratively developed guidelines for annotating clinical text referring to violence. Keywords were used to generate a dataset which was annotated (ie, classified as affirmed, negated or irrelevant) for: presence of violence, patient status (ie, as perpetrator, witness and/or victim of violence) and violence type (domestic, physical and/or sexual).

Application of diffusion-weighted whole-body MRI for response monitoring in multiple myeloma after chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Myeloma Response Assessment and Diagnosis System recently published provides a framework for the standardised interpretation of DW-WBMRI in response assessment of multiple myeloma (MM) based on expert opinion. However, there is a lack of meta-analysis providing higher-level evidence to support the recommendations. In addition, some disagreement exists in the literature regarding the effect of timing and lesion subtypes on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value changes post-treatment.

A prospective cohort study of two predictor models for 30-day emergency readmission in older patients.

Aim: To undertake a prospective study of the accuracy of two models (LACE and BOOST) in predicting unplanned hospital readmission in older patients (>75 years).

Methods: Data were collected from a single centre prospectively on 110 patients over 75 years old admitted to the acute medical unit. Follow-up was conducted at 30 days.

Evolving Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options for Visceral Artery Aneurysms.

Background: Visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) are associated with a very high mortality rate when ruptured and may present as a surgical emergency. Due to their rarity and varying pathophysiology, literature concerning the optimal management of VAAs is limited. This review evaluates the evolving management options for VAAs with a focus on open and endovascular repair.

Mentoring Medical Students Towards Oncology: Results from a Pilot Multi-institutional Mentorship Programme.

The mounting global cancer burden has generated an increasing demand for oncologists to join the workforce. Yet, students report limited oncology exposure in undergraduate medical curricula, while undergraduate oncology mentorships remain underutilised. We established an undergraduate oncology society-led mentorship programme aimed at medical students across several UK universities to increase medical student oncology exposure.

Autoreactive T cell profiles are altered following allogeneic islet transplantation with alemtuzumab induction and re-emerging phenotype is associated with graft function.

Islet transplantation is an effective therapy for life-threatening hypoglycemia, but graft function gradually declines over time in many recipients. We characterized islet-specific T cells in recipients within an islet transplant program favoring alemtuzumab (ATZ) lymphodepleting induction and examined associations with graft function. Fifty-eight recipients were studied: 23 pretransplant and 40 posttransplant (including 5 with pretransplant phenotyping).

Composite grafts for fingertip amputations: A systematic review protocol.

Background: There is much debate in the hand surgery literature as to the management of fingertip amputations. Much research continues to be published in this area. Methods of reattachment include microsurgical and non-microsurgical (composite graft) replantation.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis in skin graft surgery: A protocol.

Introduction: There is little evidence-based guidance on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in skin surgery; whilst antibiotics may protect against surgical site infections (SSI), they have associated side effects, increase the risk of adverse events, and can propagate antibiotic resistance. We present a protocol for a systematic review to establish whether the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics overrides the risk, for patients undergoing autograft surgery.

Methods: The systematic review will be registered a priori on researchregistry.

Implementing undergraduate quality improvement.

Background: All clinicians need to have knowledge and expertise to undertake quality improvement (QI). In 2016, a London medical school initiated a core QI and evidence-based practice module for fourth-year students. We describe the structure and content of the module and analyse QI projects (QIPs) and student feedback.

Do medical students studying in the United Kingdom have an adequate factual knowledge of basic life support?

Background: Healthcare professionals have a duty to maintain basic life support (BLS) skills. This study aims to evaluate medical students' factual knowledge of BLS and the training they receive.

Methods: A cross-sectional, closed-response questionnaire was distributed to the first- and fourth-year students studying at institutions in the United Kingdom.

Magnitude of Venous Thromboembolism Risk in US Hospitals: Impact of Evolving National Guidelines for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism.

Background: The annual number of US hospital discharges at risk for venous thromboembolism and the impact of evolving American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) consensus guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism are unknown.

Methods: Three risk-assessment algorithms based on 2004, 2008, and 2012 ACCP guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism were applied to the 2014 US National Inpatient Sample to derive estimates of the annual number of US inpatients at risk for venous thromboembolism.

Results: Of 35.

Influence of Obesity on Complications, Clinical Outcome, and Subsidence After Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF): Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The complications associated with obesity have been well described for posterior lumbar spinal surgery. However, the influence of obesity on anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is not well established. We aimed to compare complication risks, functional outcomes, and subsidence rates in normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients who underwent ALIF.

Insights into the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation.

Despite long-term and widespread use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a variety of neurological conditions, the underlying mechanisms of action have been elusive. Growing evidence suggests that DBS acts through multimodal mechanisms that are not limited to inhibition and excitation of basal ganglia circuits. DBS also seems to act over variable time spans - for example, the effects on tremor are immediate, whereas the effects on dystonia emerge over several weeks - suggesting that large networks are targeted.

The effect of post-injection F-FDG PET scanning time on texture analysis of peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis-1.

Background: Texture features are being increasingly evaluated in F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET) as adjunctive imaging biomarkers in a number of different cancers. Whilst studies have reported repeatability between scans, there have been no studies that have specifically investigated the effect that the time of acquisition post-injection of F-FDG has on texture features. The aim of this study was to investigate if texture features change between scans performed at different time points post-injection.

Are the SDGs leaving safer surgical systems behind?

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has set out its new aims for the post-2015 global agenda in the form of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Discussions around the historically neglected role of emergency and essential surgical interventions in global health has attracted widespread attention with the help of well-timed, high-profile reports including the Lancet Commission for Global Surgery [1]. The case for promoting safe surgery is clear with evidence suggesting that at least two-thirds of the years of life lost globally will be attributed to surgical conditions by 2025 [1].