Outpatient Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in the Emergency Department.

One of the most commonly treated infections in the emergency department (ED) is an uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Multiple classes of antibiotics are frequently used to treat this condition, but not all have equivalent efficacy, and many may confer risks to not only the patient but society as a whole if used on a large scale. These antibiotic selections should also be guided by local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and general multidisciplinary recommendations for therapy should be developed on a local scale to assist prescribing patterns.

"Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Retrospective Review".

Purpose: To report the indications, outcomes, and complications of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (Th PK) in patients with corneal perforation and/or nonhealing corneal ulceration.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 51 eyes of 51 patients undergoing Th PK between January 1, 2006 and April 15, 2016. Data collected included patient demographics, visual acuity (VA), size of the corneal infiltrate and epithelial defect, degree of corneal thinning/perforation, microbiological results, surgical details, and postoperative complications.

One-sided triangle: A case of double vision.

A 51-year-old woman presented with acute diplopia and was found to have ptosis and complete bilateral external and internal ophthalmoplegia. She had normal reflexes and gait. Serological testing showed elevated levels of GQ1b ganglioside autoantibodies, making the diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome.

Early low-anticoagulant desulfated heparin after traumatic brain injury: Reduced brain edema and leukocyte mobilization is associated with improved watermaze learning ability weeks after injury.

Background: Unfractionated heparin administered immediately after traumatic brain injury (TBI) reduces brain leukocyte (LEU) accumulation, and enhances early cognitive recovery, but may increase bleeding after injury. It is unknown how non-anticoagulant heparins, such as 2,3-O desulfated heparin (ODSH), impact post-TBI cerebral inflammation and long-term recovery. We hypothesized that ODSH after TBI reduces LEU-mediated brain inflammation and improves long-term neurologic recovery.

Correction to: Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and their naturally occurring inhibitors: current topics in smooth muscle physiology and chemical biology.

The article Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and their naturally occurring inhibitors: current topics in smooth muscle physiology and chemical biology, written by Akira Takai, Masumi Eto, Katsuya Hirano, Kosuke Takeya, Toshiyuki Wakimoto and Masaru Watanabe, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 5th July 2017 without open access.

Clinical features and prognosis of patients with isolated severe aortic stenosis and valve area less than 1.0 cm.

Objective: Current guidelines define severe aortic stenosis (AS) as an aortic valve area (AVA)≤1.0 cm, but some authors have suggested that the AVA cut-off be decreased to 0.8 cm.

Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A and their naturally occurring inhibitors: current topics in smooth muscle physiology and chemical biology.

Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) are the most ubiquitous and abundant serine/threonine phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. They play fundamental roles in the regulation of various cellular functions. This review focuses on recent advances in the functional studies of these enzymes in the field of smooth muscle physiology.

Late INa Inhibition as an Antiarrhythmic Strategy.

Late sodium channel current (late INa) is considered to be an antiarrhythmic target. The prime antiarrhythmic mechanisms of late INa inhibition have been suggested to be (1) suppression of intracellular calcium [Cai]-mediated rhythmic activity (through reduction in Cai secondary to the decrease in intracellular sodium [Nai]) and (2) normalization of repolarization. Endogenous late INa is a small current and acceleration of the heart rate decreases late INa density.

Early heparin administration after traumatic brain injury: Prolonged cognitive recovery associated with reduced cerebral edema and neutrophil sequestration.

Background: Early administration of unfractionated heparin (UFH) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) reduces early in vivo circulating leukocytes (LEUs) in peri-injury penumbral brain tissue, enhancing cognitive recovery 2 days after injury. It remains unclear how long this effect lasts and if this is related to persistently accumulating LEUs in penumbral brain tissue. We hypothesized that UFH reduces LEU brain tissue sequestration resulting in prolonged cognitive recovery.

Statin-Associated Autoimmune Myopathy: A Systematic Review of 100 Cases.

Background: Statins are a group of drugs that reduce the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in blood by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. About 2-20% patients on statins develop toxic myopathies, which usually resolve on discontinuation of statin. More recently, an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy has been found to be associated with statin use which in most cases requires treatment with immunosuppressants.

Strengthening Rehabilitation in Health Systems Worldwide by Integrating Information on Functioning in National Health Information Systems.

A complete understanding of the experience of health requires information relevant not merely to the health indicators of mortality and morbidity but also to functioning-that is, information about what it means to live in a health state, "the lived experience of health." Not only is functioning information relevant to healthcare and the overall objectives of person-centered healthcare but to the successful operation of all components of health systems.In light of population aging and major epidemiological trends, the health strategy of rehabilitation, whose aim has always been to optimize functioning and minimize disability, will become a key health strategy.

Surveillance of ventricular septal defects in Delaware.

Background: The prevalence of ventricular septal defects (VSDs), a birth defect in which there is an opening in the wall that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart, seemed to be substantially higher in Delaware compared with the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN). The Delaware Birth Defects Registry (BDR) noted their high prevalence of VSDs in comparison with other states.

Methods: A subset of children with a VSD born in 2007 through 2010 was identified from the complete reportable statewide defect list that the BDR creates each year.

Health Literacy Among Parents of Newborn Infants.

Background: Health Literacy is the ability to obtain, process, and understand health information to make knowledgeable health decisions.

Purpose: To determine baseline health literacy of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents at a tertiary care hospital during periods of crucial information exchange.

Methods: Health literacy of English-speaking NICU parents was assessed using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) on admission (n = 121) and discharge (n = 59).

A Technical Evaluation of Wireless Connectivity from Patient Monitors to an Anesthesia Information Management System During Intensive Care Unit Surgery.

Surgical procedures performed at the bedside in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were documented using paper anesthesia records in contrast to the operating rooms, where an anesthesia information management system (AIMS) was used for all cases. This was largely because of logistical problems related to connecting cables between the bedside monitors and our portable AIMS workstations. We implemented an AIMS for documentation in the NICU using wireless adapters to transmit data from bedside monitoring equipment to a portable AIMS workstation.

Supporting Siblings as a Standard of Care in Pediatric Oncology.

In this study, evidence is provided for supporting siblings as a standard of care in pediatric oncology. Using Medline, PsycInfo, and CINAHL, a systematic search of articles published over the past two decades about siblings of children with cancer was conducted. A total of 125 articles, which were primarily descriptive studies, were evaluated by the four investigators using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.