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Development and validation of chemical and biological analyses to determine the antiestrogenic potency of resin acids in paper mill effluents.

Environ Sci Technol

December 2009

Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan, and Shizuoka Institute of Environment and Hygiene, 4-27-2 Kita-Ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8637, Japan.

This study combined chemical analysis and bioassays of paper mill effluents and their components in order to determine their antiestrogenic activity. The bioassay comprised a yeast two-hybrid assay incorporating the estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) and an hERalpha competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were fractionated by solid phase extraction (SPE) with a C18 disk and a Florisil cartridge to obtain four fractions.

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