Prevalence of blood-borne virus infections and uptake of hepatitis C testing and treatment in Australian prisons: the AusHep study.

Background: Incarcerated people are at high risk of blood-borne virus infections, particularly HCV, and a priority population for elimination efforts. This national bio-behavioural survey evaluated blood-borne virus prevalence and HCV testing-and-treatment uptake amongst people in Australian prisons.

Methods: Randomly-selected participants from 23 representative prisons nationally were offered point-of-care testing for HIV and HCV (anti-HCV) antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HCV RNA (if anti-HCV positive).

Psychometric Properties of Measuring Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Young Latino Sexual Minority Men With HIV: Ecological Momentary Assessment and Electronic Pill Dispenser Study.

Background: Increasing HIV rates among young Latino sexual minority men (YLSMM) warrant innovative and rigorous studies to assess prevention and treatment strategies. Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) and electronic pill dispensers (EPDs) have been used to measure antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence repeatedly in real time and in participants' natural environments, but their psychometric properties among YLSMM are unknown.

Objective: The study's objective was to assess the concurrent validity, acceptability, compliance, and behavioral reactivity of EMAs and EPDs among YLSMM with HIV.

Nurse-Administered Screening Tools for Detecting Elder Abuse in Emergency Departments: A Scoping Review.

Aim: Identify and describe nurse-administered screening tools used in emergency departments (ED) to detect elder abuse.

Design: A scoping review of literature published between 1999 and 2024 was conducted following the guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and a methodological framework for scoping studies.

Methods: Two reviewers, an academic faculty member and a senior undergraduate, conducted the screening and data extraction, aiming to identify studies using a nurse-administered screening tool in the ED to detect elder abuse.

Implementation of a novel framework for hepatitis C diagnosis and treatment in an academic health system.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Defining Clinical Characteristics of Individuals With and Without Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass.

Context: Post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is a complication of bariatric surgery including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). It remains unclear why only some individuals develop PBH.

Objective: To identify clinical characteristics distinguishing post-RYGB individuals with PBH, versus without symptomatic hypoglycemia (RYGB non-hypo).

Language Preference, Surgical Wait Time, and Outcomes Among Older Adults With Hip Fracture.

Importance: Patients with a non-English language preference served within English-dominant health care settings are at increased risk of adverse events that may be associated with communication barriers and inequitable access to care.

Objective: To investigate the association of non-English language preference with surgical wait time and postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing hip fracture repair.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked databases to measure surgical wait time and postoperative outcomes among older adults (aged ≥66 years) in Ontario, Canada, who underwent hip fracture surgery between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022.

The efficacy of InterRhythmic care for depression: A randomized control trial.

Objective: This study investigates the efficacy of an InterRhythmic Care (IRC) for major depressive disorder (MDD). There is a lack of clinical studies on its effect on depression.

Methods: In this eight-week, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial, 120 patients with MDD were randomly assigned to receive IRC or Internet general psychoeducation (IGP).

An eight-founder wheat MAGIC population allows fine-mapping of flowering time loci and provides novel insights into the genetic control of flowering time.

Flowering time synchronizes reproductive development with favorable environmental conditions to optimize yield. Improved understanding of the genetic control of flowering will help optimize varietal adaptation to future agricultural systems under climate change. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of flowering time in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

Adapting and testing an eLearning resource for professionals to support families when a significant caregiver for children is dying with cancer.

Purpose: Health and social care professionals (professionals) often lack knowledge, skills and confidence to support adults at end of life with significant caregiving responsibilities for children, < 18. A recent systematic review highlighted a dearth of educational interventions (n = 2) to equip professionals to provide supportive care to families when a parent has cancer. Addressing an evident gap in education, this paper details the adaption and optimisation of a face-to-face educational intervention to an accessible eLearning resource.

Concordance in molecular methods for detection of antimicrobial resistance: A cross sectional study of the influent to a wastewater plant.

Methods that are used to characterise microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater are not standardised. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SM-Seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and targeted qPCR to compare microbial and ARG diversity in the influent to a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Australia. ARGs were annotated with CARD-RGI and MEGARes databases, and bacterial diversity was characterised by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and SM-Seq, with species annotation in SILVA/GreenGenes databases or Kraken2 and the NCBI nucleotide database respectively.

Veni, Vidi, Vici-When Is Home Video Seizure Monitoring Helpful?

Seizure detection is vital for managing epilepsy as seizures can lead to injury and even death, in addition to impacting quality of life. Prompt detection of seizures and intervention can help prevent injury and improve outcomes for individuals with epilepsy. Wearable sensors show promising results for automated detection of certain seizures, but they have limitations such as patient tolerance, impracticality for newborns, and the need for recharging.

Impact of hydroxycarbamide treatment on the whole-blood transcriptome in sickle cell disease.

Hydroxycarbamide (HC) is the most widely used therapeutic for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD, including sickle cell anemia and other forms of the disease). HC's clinical benefits are primarily associated with its ability to induce foetal haemoglobin (HbF); this limited view of HC's therapeutic potential may lead to its discontinuation when a modest amount of HbF is induced. A better understanding of the HbF-independent effects of HC on genes and pathways relevant to SCD pathophysiology is therefore needed.

Lack of association of first and second-line medication dosing and progression to refractory status epilepticus in children.

Purpose: Evaluate the relationship between first and second-line medication dosing and progression to refractory status epilepticus (RSE) in children.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from September 2014 to February 2020 of children with status epilepticus (SE) who received at least two antiseizure medications (ASMs). We evaluated the risk of developing RSE after receiving a low total benzodiazepine dose (lower than 100 % of the minimum recommended dose for each benzodiazepine dose administered within 10 min) and a low first non-benzodiazepine ASM dose (lower than 100 % of the minimum recommended dose of non-benzodiazepine ASM given as the first single-dose) using a logistic regression model, adjusting for confounders such as time to ASMs.

The safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with gastrointestinal cancer brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Central nervous system Tumors, including metastasis, are a considerable source of morbidity and mortality. Currently, treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been introduced to prevent the progression of the disease, but still, these patients do not have a good prognosis. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) reduces the damage to the surroundings by focusing the radiation on the tumor tissue.

Comparing thin and volume regimes of analog holograms for wavefront sensing.

Two analog holographic wavefront sensors, for measurement of defocus, have been fabricated as both thin and volume phase transmission holograms in a self-developing photopolymer. This represents the first reported direct comparison of hologram regimes when designed for wavefront sensing. An analysis of the effect of crosstalk in the presence of one other aberration mode (astigmatism X (0/90°), coma X (horizontal), and primary spherical aberration) was carried out with each version of the sensor.