Running Mechanics After Repeated Sprints in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome, Cam Morphology, and Controls.

Background: People with femoroacetabular with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) often report pain during sports involving repeated sprinting. It remains unclear how sports participation influences running biomechanics in individuals with FAIS.

Hypothesis: Changes in running biomechanics and/or isometric hip strength after repeated sprint exercise would be greatest in individuals with FAIS compared with asymptomatic individuals with (CAM) and without cam morphology (Control).

Exploring behaviour change in general practice consultations: A realist approach.

Objectives: While general practice involves supporting patients to modify their behaviour, General Practitioners (GPs) vary in their approach to behaviour change during consultations. We aimed to identify mechanisms supporting GPs to undertake successful behaviour change in consultations for people with T2DM by exploring (a) the role of GPs in behaviour change, (b) what happens in GP consultations that supports or impedes behaviour change and (c) how context moderates the behaviour change consultation.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with academic clinicians ( = 13), GPs ( = 7) and patients with T2DM ( = 16) across Australia.

NEWS2 shows low sensitivity and high specificity for delirium detection: a single site observational study of 13,908 patients.

Delirium affects 25% of hospital admissions of older people and is a serious medical condition with poor outcomes. 'New confusion' as a delirium indicator was incorporated into the 'alert, verbal, pain and unresponsive' (AVPU) level of consciousness scale in the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) in 2017. We measured sensitivity of non-alert NEWS2 (new confusion and/or V, P or U ratings) for delirium through comparison with the four 'A's test (4AT) delirium tool in 13,908 consecutive non-elective hospital admissions.

NEWS2 and the older person.

The National Early Warning Score (NEWS), published in 2012, made no specific adjustments for older people. The updated NEWS2 (2017) incorporated new confusion as a category for consciousness. In this article, we consider the role of NEWS2 in detection of acute clinical deterioration in older people and how the score may be used to inform care, highlighting the additional aspects, such as care escalation decisions, that may ensue.

Moderators, Mediators, and Prognostic Indicators of Treatment With Hip Arthroscopy or Physical Therapy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: Secondary Analyses From the Australian FASHIoN Trial.

Background: Although randomized controlled trials comparing hip arthroscopy with physical therapy for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome have emerged, no studies have investigated potential moderators or mediators of change in hip-related quality of life.

Purpose: To explore potential moderators, mediators, and prognostic indicators of the effect of hip arthroscopy and physical therapy on change in 33-item international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33) score for FAI syndrome.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Mental health and quality of life during weight loss in females with clinically severe obesity: a randomized clinical trial.

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the effects of dietary weight loss intervention, with and without the addition of exercise on health-related quality of life, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. As part of the EMPOWER study for women, sixty premenopausal women (BMI of 40.4 ± 6.

Do preventative care guidelines emphasize behaviour change? A content analysis of three commonly used Australian general practice guidelines.

Rationale: Preventive health is a core part of primary care clinical practice and it is critical for both disease prevention and reducing the consequences of chronic disease. In primary care, the 5As framework is often used to guide behaviour change consultations for smoking, nutrition, alcohol use and physical activity.

Aims And Objectives: Our objective was to analyze the emphasis placed on each 5As term in commonly used guidelines in Australian general practice and compare this to behaviour change terms/concepts essential to effective consultations.

Partial body cryotherapy exposure drives acute redistribution of circulating lymphocytes: preliminary findings.

Partial body cryotherapy (PBC) is proposed to alleviate symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) by reducing associated inflammation. No studies have assessed acute PBC exposure on peripheral blood mononuclear cell mobilisation or compared these with cold water immersion (CWI), which may inform how PBC impacts inflammatory processes. This trial examined the impact of a single PBC exposure on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared to CWI or a control.

Comparison of Walking Biomechanics After Physical Therapist-Led Care or Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is characterized by chondrolabral damage and hip pain. The specific biomechanics used by people with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome during daily activities may exacerbate their symptoms. Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome can be treated nonoperatively or surgically; however, differential treatment effects on walking biomechanics have not been examined.

Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive functioning in youth at ultra-high risk for psychosis: secondary analysis of the NEURAPRO randomised controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive impairments are well-established features of psychotic disorders and are present when individuals are at ultra-high risk for psychosis. However, few interventions target cognitive functioning in this population.

Aims: To investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (-3 PUFA) supplementation improves cognitive functioning among individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis.

A randomised preclinical trial of adrenaline use during cardiac arrest in mice.

Background: Adrenaline is routinely administered during cardiac arrest resuscitation. Using a novel murine model of cardiac arrest, this study evaluates the effects of adrenaline use on survival and end-organ injury.

Methods: A total of 58 mice, including cardiac arrest (CA) and sham (SHAM) groups received intravenous potassium chloride either as a bolus (CA) or slow infusion (SHAM), inducing ECG-confirmed asystole (in CA only) for 4-minutes prior to intravenous adrenaline (+ADR;250 ul,32 ug/ml) or saline (-ADR;250 ul) and manual chest compressions (300 BPM) for 4-minutes.

Survivors' experiences of informal social support in coping and recovering after the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing.

Background: Much of the psychosocial care people receive after major incidents and disasters is informal and is provided by families, friends, peer groups and wider social networks. Terrorist attacks have increased in recent years. Therefore, there is a need to better understand and facilitate the informal social support given to survivors.

Evaluating the impact of a polypharmacy Action Learning Sets tool on healthcare practitioners' confidence, perceptions and experiences of stopping inappropriate medicines.

Background: Issues of medication adherence, multimorbidity, increased hospitalisation risk and negative impact upon quality of life have led to the management of polypharmacy becoming a national priority. Clinical guidelines advise a patient-centred approach, involving shared decision-making and multidisciplinary team working. However, there have been limited educational initiatives to improve healthcare practitioners' management of polypharmacy and stopping inappropriate medicines.

Kinesiology tape increases muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity: Effects of the direction of tape application.

The claim that the effects of kinesiology tape are different depending on the direction of tape application needs to be clearly ascertained. This study aimed to determine the immediate effects of two forearm kinesiology tape applications on muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity of young individuals. Thirty-nine participants (15 men and 24 women) were randomized (1:1:1) to: the facilitatory group, receiving kinesiology tape applied from origin to insertion; the inhibitory group, receiving kinesiology tape applied from insertion to origin; or, a control group, without any intervention.

How has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced patient-centred care? Analysis of a qualitative collective case study by high performing practice teams.

Background And Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected primary healthcare systems throughout the world. The aim of this article is to present the analysis of the perspectives and experiences of patient-centred care (PCC) during the pandemic by high-functioning general practice teams in Australia.

Method: A qualitative descriptive approach and collective case study method was employed.

Neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodiversity: definition of terms from Scotland's National Autism Implementation Team.

Adults with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present to, but fit uneasily into, adult mental health services. We offer definitions of important terms related to neurodevelopmental disorders through unifying research data, medical and other viewpoints. This may improve understanding, clinical practice and development of neurodevelopmental disorder pathways within adult mental health services.

Stress and social isolation, and its relationship to cardiovascular risk in young adults with intellectual disability.

Purpose: Stress produces many physiological changes, some of which may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are exposed to multiple and stressful challenges everyday which may put them at increased cardiovascular risk. This current study aimed to establish whether adults with ID experience higher levels of subjective stress and encounter different stressors (including social isolation) than the general population, and whether there is a relationship between stress and cardiometabolic profile in this population.

Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccines for reducing susceptibility to infection with the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2.

Background: From January to May 2021 the alpha variant (B.1.1.

Postpartum nutrition: Guidance for general practitioners to support high-quality care.

Background: General practitioners (GPs) are well placed to support new mothers with evidence-based nutrition care to eat well, live well and care for their new babies. Women who have recently given birth are highly motivated to eat well and seek information and support from GPs.

Objective: The aim of this article is to review current recommendations on dietary intake for women after birth and how GPs can use this information to inform high-quality ongoing care.

Effects of salmon cartilage proteoglycan on obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet.

This study investigated the effects of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (PG), which shows anti-inflammatory properties, on obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in a mouse model. Mice were fed either a HFD or normal diet (ND), with or without PG, for 8-12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the body weight of mice fed with PG-free HFD was 54.

Changes in the rodent gut microbiome following chronic restraint stress and low-intensity rTMS.

Gut microbiome composition is associated with mood-relating behaviours, including those reflecting depression-like phenotypes. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, is an effective treatment for depression, but its effects on the gut microbiome remain largely unknown. This study assessed microbial changes from rat faecal samples longitudinally following chronic restraint stress (CRS) and 10 Hz low-intensity rTMS treatment.

Exploration of diet, physical activity, health knowledge and the cardiometabolic profile of young adults with intellectual disability.

Background: Young adults with intellectual disability (ID) are experiencing early mortality, and it is suggested that they are living with undiagnosed cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors (hereafter referred to as cardiometabolic).

Methods: We investigated the association between modifiable risk factors and cardiometabolic health profile in adults with ID aged 18-45 years through clinical evaluation of traditional cardiometabolic parameters, and assessment of physical activity levels, diet and associated health knowledge.

Results: We found that young adults with ID have an increased obesity (mean body mass index; ID group: 32.