Interleukin-6 Modulation in Ovarian Cancer Necessitates a Targeted Strategy: From the Approved to Emerging Therapies.

Despite significant advances in treatments, ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most prevalent and lethal gynecological cancers in women. The frequent detection at the advanced stages has contributed to low survival rates, resistance to various treatments, and disease recurrence. Thus, a more effective approach is warranted to combat OC.

Microvascular Plug Embolization of Anterior Spinal Artery Bearing Segmental Arteries Prior Aortic Stenting: Technique and Safety.

Purpose: This study aims to present our experience with superselective embolization of the anterior spinal artery-bearing segmental artery (ASAbSA) using a microvascular plug (MVP) during the minimally invasive segmental artery coil embolization (MISACE) procedure prior endovascular repair of the thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all MISACE procedures performed between May 2018 and July 2023, where MVP was deployed into an angiographically confirmed ASAbSA. Data were analyzed regarding interventional details, technical aspects, and safety protocols.

Using Time in Tight Glucose Range as a Health-Promoting Strategy in Preschoolers With Type 1 Diabetes.

Children who develop diabetes in their first years of life risk being exposed to many decades of hyperglycemia, hence having a high risk of early complications and premature death. An additional age-dependent risk is that dysglycemia, especially hyperglycemia, negatively affects the developing brain. In evaluating the outcome of insulin treatment at an individual and group level, cutoff thresholds for glucose values are needed.

Role and promise of health policy and systems research in integrating rehabilitation into the health systems.

Despite recognized need and reasonable demand, health systems and rehabilitation communities keep working in silos, independently with minimal recognition to the issues of those who require rehabilitation services. Consolidated effort by health systems and rehabilitation parties, recognizing the value, power and promise of each other, is a need of the hour to address this growing issue of public health importance. In this paper, the importance and the need for integration of rehabilitation into health system is emphasized.

Parent-young person lived experience of sensory dysregulation in children with tic disorders: a qualitative study.

Purpose: To understand the breadth of sensory dysregulation on participation in daily tasks for young people with tic disorders, as research identified that sensory dysregulation experiences are broader than the symptoms being assessed.

Methods: Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 families with children (5-16 years) with tic disorders. Interviews ranged from 45 to 120 min and were transcribed verbatim.

Effect of Arm-Ergometry Versus Treadmill Supervised Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Walking Distances in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: The ARMEX Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To compare arm-ergometry and treadmill supervised exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and walking distances in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods: ARMEX was a single-center, single-blinded, parallel group, non-inferiority trial enrolling symptomatic patients with PAD. Patients were randomized (1:1 ratio) to a 12-wk arm-ergometry (AEx) or standard treadmill (TEx) supervised exercise training protocol.

Health economic analysis of polygenic risk score use in primary prevention of coronary artery disease - A system dynamics model.

Background: Primary prevention programs utilising traditional risk scores fail to identify all individuals who suffer acute cardiovascular events. We aimed to model the impact and cost effectiveness of incorporating a Polygenic risk scores (PRS) into the cardiovascular disease CVD primary prevention program in Australia, using a whole-of-system model.

Methods: System dynamics models, encompassing acute and chronic CVD care in the Australian healthcare setting, assessing the cost-effectiveness of incorporating a CAD-PRS in the primary prevention setting.

People from ethnic minorities seeking help for long COVID: a qualitative study.

Background: People from ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, less likely to access primary health care, and have reported dissatisfaction with health care. Although the prevalence of long COVID in ethnic minority groups is unclear, such populations are underrepresented in long-COVID specialist clinics and long-COVID lived-experience research, which informed the original long-COVID healthcare guidelines.

Aim: To understand the lived experiences of long COVID in people from ethnic minority groups.

Familiarity, confidence and preference of artificial intelligence feedback and prompts by Australian breast cancer screening readers.

Objectives This study explored the familiarity, perceptions and confidence of Australian radiology clinicians involved in reading screening mammograms, regarding artificial intelligence (AI) applications in breast cancer detection. Methods Sixty-five radiologists, breast physicians and radiology trainees participated in an online survey that consisted of 23 multiple choice questions asking about their experience and familiarity with AI products. Furthermore, the survey asked about their confidence in using AI outputs and their preference for AI modes applied in a breast screening context.

Efficient Machine Reading Comprehension for Health Care Applications: Algorithm Development and Validation of a Context Extraction Approach.

Background: Extractive methods for machine reading comprehension (MRC) tasks have achieved comparable or better accuracy than human performance on benchmark data sets. However, such models are not as successful when adapted to complex domains such as health care. One of the main reasons is that the context that the MRC model needs to process when operating in a complex domain can be much larger compared with an average open-domain context.

A wearable gait-analysis device for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) monitoring.

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive neurologic disorder (fluid build-up in the brain) that affects 0.2%-5% of the UK population aged over 65. Mobility problems, dementia and urinary incontinence are symptoms of iNPH but often these are not properly evaluated, and patients receive the wrong diagnosis.

A beta-Poisson model for infectious disease transmission.

Outbreaks of emerging and zoonotic infections represent a substantial threat to human health and well-being. These outbreaks tend to be characterised by highly stochastic transmission dynamics with intense variation in transmission potential between cases. The negative binomial distribution is commonly used as a model for transmission in the early stages of an epidemic as it has a natural interpretation as the convolution of a Poisson contact process and a gamma-distributed infectivity.

Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of Patients With Metastatic Fusion-Positive Solid Tumors Receiving Non-RET Inhibitor Standards of Care in a Real-World Setting.

Purpose: fusions are oncogenic drivers across different solid tumors. However, the genomic landscape and natural history of patients with fusion-positive solid tumors are not well known. We describe the clinical characteristics of RET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-naïve patients with fusion-positive solid tumors (excluding non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC]), treated in a real-world setting and assess the prognostic effect of fusions.

Salt sensitivity risk derived from nocturnal dipping and 24-h heart rate predicts long-term blood pressure reduction following renal denervation.

Background: Renal denervation (RDN) has been consistently shown in recent sham-controlled clinical trials to reduce blood pressure (BP). Salt sensitivity is a critical factor in hypertension pathogenesis, but cumbersome to assess by gold-standard methodology. Twenty-four-hour average heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) dipping, taken by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), stratifies patients into high, moderate, and low salt sensitivity index (SSI) risk categories.

Development of a patient-reported outcome measure of digital health literacy for chronic patients: results of a French international online Delphi study.

Background: A psychometrically robust patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess digital health literacy for chronic patients is needed in the context of digital health. We defined measurement constructs for a new PROM in previous studies using a systematic review, a qualitative description of constructs from patients, health professionals and an item pool identification process. This study aimed to evaluate the content validity of a digital health literacy PROM for chronic patients using an e-Delphi technique.

Experiences and Unmet Needs of Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of a Brain Tumor (Aged 15-39 Years): A Systematic Review and Meta-ethnography.

Background: Brain tumors account for 15% of all adolescent and young adult cancers, and survivors are at risk of ongoing late effects that can severely impact their ability to reach independence. Despite follow-up initiatives advocating a personalized approach, survivors continue to experience ongoing sequelae. A better understanding of the survivorship experience is required to ensure services are able to deliver personalized support.

Sleepless on the road: Are mothers of infants with insomnia at risk for impaired driving?

Infant sleep problems have been associated with a myriad of adverse child and parent outcomes, yet whether these problems may pose a risk for parents on the road has received little research attention. This study sought to test whether mothers of infants with insomnia are at an elevated risk for vehicular crashes, by comparing their objectively measured driving performance with that of mothers of well-sleeping infants and with that of women without children. Fifty-four women from these three groups completed a simulated driving task.

Brief bouts of device-measured intermittent lifestyle physical activity and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in people who do not exercise: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Guidelines emphasise the health benefits of bouts of physical activity of any duration. However, the associations of intermittent lifestyle physical activity accumulated through non-exercise with mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remain unclear. We aimed to examine the associations of bouts of moderate-to-vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (MV-ILPA) and the proportion of vigorous activity contributing within these bouts with mortality and MACE.

Multifaceted intervention to increase the delivery of alcohol brief interventions in primary care: a mixed-methods process analysis.

Background: Brief interventions (BIs) are effective for reducing harmful alcohol consumption, but their use in primary care is less frequent than clinically indicated. The REducing AlCohol- related Harm (REACH) project aimed to increase the delivery of BIs in primary care.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of the REACH programme in increasing alcohol BIs in general practice and explore the implementation factors that improve or reduce uptake by clinicians.