Tissue-specific modulation of NADH consumption as an anti-aging intervention in Drosophila.

Aging is characterized by extensive metabolic dysregulation. Redox coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) can exist in oxidized (NAD) or reduced (NADH) states, which together form a key NADH/NAD redox pair. Total levels of NAD decline with age in a tissue-specific manner, thereby playing a significant role in the aging process.

"Bupe by the Book": A study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial of library-facilitated telehealth to increase buprenorphine treatment among unstably housed individuals.

Background: Accessing opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is difficult for individuals in unstable housing. This population often uses public libraries for computer and internet access, which could provide telehealth access to OUD treatment. Therefore, we developed a novel 12-week library-facilitated telehealth intervention study called "Bupe by the Book" (BBB), which uses library resources to facilitate the initiation and retention of OUD treatment with buprenorphine.

Use of Intervention Mapping to Adapt a Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy Telerehabilitation Intervention for Latino Persons With Chronic Spine Pain.

The need for culturally tailored pain care is well-recognized, yet few studies report how existing interventions can be adapted to the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse populations. This report describes a formative mixed-methods approach using intervention mapping-adapt and the expanded framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions to adapt and report modifications of an existing physical therapy intervention for Latino persons with chronic spine pain in Federally Qualified Health clinics in the southwestern United States. Mixed methods included literature reviews, patient surveys, an Adaptation Advisory Panel, and sequential case series with semistructured interviews.

How students taking introductory biology experience the chemistry content.

Student experiences learning chemistry have been well studied in chemistry courses but less so in biology courses. Chemistry concepts are foundational to introductory biology courses, and student experiences learning chemistry concepts may impact their overall course experiences and subsequent student outcomes. In this study, we asked undergraduate students enrolled in introductory biology courses at a public R1 institution an open-response question asking how their experiences learning chemistry topics affected their identities as biologists.

Time spent on active learning activities does not necessarily correlate with student exam performance: a controlled case study.

Active learning, including student thinking and discussion in class, has been shown to increase student learning gains. However, it is less clear how instructor-level variation in the implementation and timing of active learning activities affects student gains. Our study aims to investigate the extent to which the time spent on individual episodes of active learning activities influences student performance.

Community-engaged optimization of COVID-19 rapid evaluation and testing experiences: roll-out implementation optimization trial.

Background: There continues to be a need for COVID-19 testing that is pragmatic, community-centered, and sustainable. This study will refine and test implementation strategies prioritized by community partners: (1) walk-up no-cost testing, (2) community health worker (promotores)-facilitated testing and preventive care counseling, (3) vending machines that dispense no-cost, self-testing kits.

Methods: A co-designed Theory of Change from an earlier study phase and the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainment Model (PRISM) will guide the study design, measures selection, and evaluation.

A Novel Cognitive Training Program Targets Stimulus-Driven Attention to Alter Symptoms, Behavior, and Neural Circuitry in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: Pilot Clinical Trial.

Pediatric anxiety disorders are associated with increased stimulus-driven attention (SDA), the involuntary capture of attention by salient stimuli. Increased SDA is linked to increased activity in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC), especially in the portion corresponding to the ventral attention network (VAN). In this study, we present a small clinical trial using a novel attention training program designed to treat pediatric anxiety by decreasing SDA and activity in the rVLPFC.

Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm to Determine Lateralization of Seizure Onset in Patients With Epilepsy: A Proof-of-Principle Study.

Background And Objectives: A new frontier in diagnostic radiology is the inclusion of machine-assisted support tools that facilitate the identification of subtle lesions often not visible to the human eye. Structural neuroimaging plays an essential role in the identification of lesions in patients with epilepsy, which often coincide with the seizure focus. In this study, we explored the potential for a convolutional neural network (CNN) to determine lateralization of seizure onset in patients with epilepsy using T1-weighted structural MRI scans as input.

Evaluation of Measurement Properties and Differential Item Functioning in the English and French Versions of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale-6: A Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Study.

Objective: Loneliness has been associated with poorer health-related quality of life but has not been studied in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The current study was undertaken to examine and compare the psychometric properties of the English and French versions of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale-6 (ULS-6) in patients with SSc during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This study used baseline cross-sectional data from 775 adults enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient-Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) COVID-19 Cohort.

Safer at school early alert: an observational study of wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary schools.

Background: Schools are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but necessary for children's educational and social-emotional wellbeing. Previous research suggests that wastewater monitoring can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in controlled residential settings with high levels of accuracy. However, its effective accuracy, cost, and feasibility in non-residential community settings is unknown.

What College Biology Students Know about How Vaccines Work.

Vaccines are an important and societally relevant biology topic, but it is unclear how much college biology students know about how vaccines work and what inaccurate ideas they have about that process. Therefore, we asked more than 600 college students taking biology courses at various levels to explain, "How does a vaccine work?" in a free-response format. Based on authoritative sources and responses from immunology and other biology faculty, we created a rubric to gauge the basic knowledge and accuracy present in student responses.

Chronic hypertension and risk of preterm delivery: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents to Adult Health.

Background: Chronic hypertension during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. In 2017, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) lowered thresholds to classify hypertension in non-pregnant adults to SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and DBP ≥ 80 mmHg (ie stage I hypertension), resulting in an additional 4.5-million reproductive-aged women meeting criteria for hypertension.

Wastewater and surface monitoring to detect COVID-19 in elementary school settings: The Safer at School Early Alert project.

Background: Schools are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but necessary for children's educational and social-emotional wellbeing. Previous research suggests that wastewater monitoring can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections in controlled residential settings with high levels of accuracy. However, its effective accuracy, cost, and feasibility in non-residential community settings is unknown.

A Mixed-Method Analysis on the Impacts of a System-Driven Implementation of Multiple Child Evidence-Based Practices on Community Mental Health Providers.

Initiatives to scale up evidence-based practices (EBPs) in routine care are likely to have myriad impacts on community providers, but these impacts have not yet been examined in depth. This is especially true within the context of simultaneous implementation of multiple evidence-based practices. The aim of this study was to characterize the multifaceted impacts on community mental health therapists within a system-driven implementation of multiple EBPs for youth and families.

Crime and physical activity measures from the SAFE and Fit Environments Study (SAFE): Psychometric properties across age groups.

Valid and reliable measures are needed to better understand the relationship between physical activity and crime. This paper provides a comprehensive psychometric evaluation of measures developed in the Safe and Fit Environments (SAFE) Study to assess a crime-PA conceptual framework. In addition to assessing the basic psychometric properties of each measure (e.

Editorial: Defining the Clinical Boundary of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Symptoms in Youth.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a novel diagnosis emerging from a continuing discourse on the best diagnostic home for children with severe, chronic irritability. DMDD emerged from a research diagnosis that was developed to test the hypothesis that severe, chronic irritability is a developmental phenotype of pediatric bipolar disorder. That is, such irritability is a phenomenon that emerges prior to a hypo/manic episode that defines bipolar disorder.

Undergraduate Biology Education Research Gordon Research Conference: A Meeting Report.

The 2019 Undergraduate Biology Education Research Gordon Research Conference (UBER GRC), titled "Achieving Widespread Improvement in Undergraduate Education," brought together a diverse group of researchers and practitioners working to identify, promote, and understand widespread adoption of evidence-based teaching, learning, and success strategies in undergraduate biology. Graduate students and postdocs had the additional opportunity to present and discuss research during a Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) that preceded the GRC. This report provides a broad overview of the UBER GRC and GRS and highlights major themes that cut across invited talks, poster presentations, and informal discussions.

Health care providers' perspectives on delivering gender equity focused family planning program for young married couples in a cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Maharashtra, India.

 There is increasing programming and research on male engagement and gender-equity (GE) counselling in family planning (FP) services. However, there is a lack of data on healthcare provider's perspectives on delivering these interventions. The objective of the paper is to present providers' perspectives on delivering a GE-focused FP intervention, CHARM, to married couples in rural India.

Objective subtle cognitive difficulties predict future amyloid accumulation and neurodegeneration.

Objective: To determine the temporal sequence of objectively defined subtle cognitive difficulties (Obj-SCD) in relation to amyloidosis and neurodegeneration, the current study examined the trajectories of amyloid PET and medial temporal neurodegeneration in participants with Obj-SCD relative to cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) groups.

Method: A total of 747 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants (305 CN, 153 Obj-SCD, 289 MCI) underwent neuropsychological testing and serial amyloid PET and structural MRI examinations. Linear mixed effects models examined 4-year rate of change in cortical F-florbetapir PET, entorhinal cortex thickness, and hippocampal volume in those classified as Obj-SCD and MCI relative to CN.

Association between soft drink consumption and osteoporotic fractures among postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative.

Objective: High consumption of soft drinks has been associated with lower bone mineral density among postmenopausal women. This study explores the association of soft drink consumption, osteoporosis, and incidental fractures in this population.

Methods: Cross-sectional (at baseline) and cohort combined designs, over 11.

Machine Learning-Based Predictive Modeling of Surgical Intervention in Glaucoma Using Systemic Data From Electronic Health Records.

Purpose: To predict the need for surgical intervention in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using systemic data in electronic health records (EHRs).

Design: Development and evaluation of machine learning models.

Methods: Structured EHR data of 385 POAG patients from a single academic institution were incorporated into models using multivariable logistic regression, random forests, and artificial neural networks.

The Role of Gender in the Health and Human Rights Practices of Police: The SHIELD Study in Tijuana, Mexico.

Globally, punitive drug law enforcement drives human rights violations. Drug control tactics, such as syringe confiscation and drug-related arrests, also cascade into health harms among people who use drugs. The role of police officer characteristics in shaping such enforcement and measures to reform police practices remains underexamined.