Patterns of use of heated tobacco products: a comprehensive systematic review.

Introduction: Relative or absolute safety of heated tobacco products (HTP) remains unknown, while independent literature suggests that these products do not favour tobacco control. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate HTP usage patterns and the effect of HTP use on conventional tobacco smoking (use transitions).

Methods: We used Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify all articles published up to February 2022 on HTP use.

Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of a commercially available herbal mouthwash in accordance with the PN-EN 1040 and EN 1650 standards.

Periodontitis is complex microbial plaque induced condition. In this study, HiOra herbal mouthwash widely marketed in India, achieved a 5-log reduction in standard fungi and bacterial strains within 60 min. Thereby demonstrating antibacterial and antifungal activity similar to chlorhexidine and accordance with the PN EN 1040 and EN 1650 standards.

Radiopaque hydrogel-in-liposomes towards theranostic applications for malignant tumors.

A radiopaque hydrogel-in-liposome (RHL) system was developed for micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging of tumor tissue and simultaneous delivery of a cytotoxic agent. Iopamidol (IPD) and doxorubicin (DOX) were incorporated as the CT contrast and anti-cancer agents, respectively. The presence of a polyethylene glycol hydrogel core in the liposomes was confirmed via attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and selective solvent extraction.

Communication needs regarding heart failure trajectory and palliative care between patients and healthcare providers: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition with an unpredictable trajectory, making effective communication between patients and healthcare providers crucial for optimizing outcomes. This study aims to investigate and compare the communication needs regarding HF trajectory and palliative care between patients and healthcare providers and to identify factors associated with the communication needs of patients with HF.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 100 patients with HF and 35 healthcare providers.

Updated Review for Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening in Immunosuppressed Women Without HIV Infection.

Objective: The purpose of this review was to examine new evidence since our 2019 guidelines for cervical cancer (CC) screening in non-HIV immunocompromised persons and to provide updated recommendations based on literature review and expert opinion. In addition, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine efficacy in these populations was reviewed.

Methods: A literature search was performed similar to our previous publication but was conducted through March 2023.

Highly polarized single-crystal organic light-emitting devices with low turn-on voltage and high brightness.

Linearly-polarized organic electroluminescent devices have gained significant attention due to their potential applications across various fields. However, traditional thin-film organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) face significant challenges, primarily due to the necessity of incorporating complex optical elements. In this study, we present linearly-polarized OLEDs (LP-OLEDs) based on organic single crystals that we have designed and prepared.

Insight into photocatalytic CO reduction on TiO-supported Cu nanorods: a DFT study on the reaction mechanism and selectivity.

Photoreduction of CO into hydrocarbons is a potential strategy for reducing atmospheric CO and effectively utilizing carbon resources. Cu-deposited TiO photocatalysts stand out in this area due to their good photocatalytic activity and potential methanol selectivity. However, the underlying mechanism and factors controlling product selectivity remain less understood.

Evaluation of the impact of on the testis of cisplatin-treated albino rats: Biochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural study.

Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug that exhibits toxicity dependent on dosage and has adverse reproductive effects. (Bitter melon) is a natural vegetable plant; its active ingredients possess antioxidant, apoptotic, antiproliferative, hypoglycemic, and other therapeutic properties. This study evaluates the effect of the administration of bitter melon extract, cisplatin, and cisplatin/bitter melon cotreatment on liver and kidney functions, serum and testicular oxidative status, testis histology, and sperm parameters.

Effect of scan path on accuracy of complete arch intraoral scan.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of an alternative scan path with that of traditional scan paths to obtain a more accurate method for complete arch scans.

Materials And Methods: A mandibular stone cast, including tooth preparations for the inlay, crown, and fixed prosthesis, was scanned 10 times using four different scan paths (A, B, C, and D). The scans were converted into stereolithography files, resized, and superimposed onto a control file obtained from a desktop scanner.

A Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Metformin Hydrochloride and Myo-Inositol Compared to Metformin in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) poses a significant health concern among reproductive-aged women and is characterized by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin and myo-inositol combination therapy compared to metformin monotherapy in patients with PCOS. Materials and methods This was a phase III, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Rocaglamide-A mitigates LPS-induced hepatic inflammation by modulating JNK/AP-1 signaling cascade and ROS production in hepatocytes.

Unlabelled: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gut-derived endotoxin, is a recognized risk factor for both Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Rocaglamide-A (Roc-A), a natural compound derived from the genus Aglaia, is known for its pharmacological and immunosuppressive effects on various cell types. Although our recent investigations have unveiled Roc-A's anti-adipogenic role in adipocytes, its mechanism in hepatic inflammation remains elusive.

First Indonesian Nasopharyngeal Cancer Whole Epigenome Sequencing Identify Tumour Suppressor CpG Methylation.

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by genetic and epigenetic modifications. While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a known risk factor, recent studies highlight the significant role of DNA methylation in NPC pathogenesis. Aberrant methylation, particularly at CpG sites, can silence tumour suppressor genes, promoting uncontrolled cell growth.

Data Insights on the Risks of Local Heat and Massage in Gouty Arthritis Treatment.

Introduction: Gouty arthritis is a common inflammatory condition caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to intense pain, swelling, and functional impairment. Thermal therapies, including hot and cold fomentation, are often used as adjunctive treatments for managing inflammation and pain in various musculoskeletal conditions. However, the efficacy of these therapies in acute gout remains underexplored.

Uncommon Presentation of Hip Pain Due to Calcific Tendonitis in the Rectus Femoris.

Introduction: Calcific tendonitis is characterized by calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition in tendons, leading to inflammation and pain. While predominantly observed in the rotator cuff tendons of the shoulder, its occurrence in the rectus femoris tendon of the hip is exceedingly rare and poses a diagnostic challenge.

Case Report: A 38-year-old female housewife presented with a 1-month history of left hip pain, which was dull, aching, and exacerbated by movements such as standing and walking.

Reconstruction of the Tibial Stump After Fibulectomy.

The formation of a functional tibial stump after combat injuries with extensive tissue damage is sometimes difficult. We describe a case of reconstruction of the tibial stump after a mine-blast injury. In this case, the fibula was completely removed as a result of fracture, and the tibia was amputated at the border of the upper and middle thirds.

B cells enhance IL-1 beta driven invasiveness in triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype often characterized by high lymphocyte infiltration, including tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs). These cells are present even in early stages of TNBC and associated with microinvasion. This study shows that co-culturing TNBC cells with B cells increases Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression and secretion.

One-Pot Synthesis of Bicontinuous Palladium Nanocubes with Distinct Catalytic Properties for Various Electrocatalysis and Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Bicontinuous metal structures possess unique physical and chemical properties, such as efficient mass transport capability and abundant low-coordinated surface atoms, that make them highly desirable catalysts for various important chemical reactions. Here, we report a one-pot synthesis approach to fabricate bicontinuous Pd nanocubes without a sacrificial template or a dealloying process. The prepared bicontinuous Pd nanocubes have a porous structure consisting of continuous nanosized ligaments, which can enable high atom utilization efficiency and offer abundant low-coordinated surface atoms.

Internal Structure Dependence of Biodegradation for Polyamide 4 Thin Films in Seawater.

Recently, polyamides have been widely used in various fields due to their excellent durability, thermal stability, and other advantageous properties. However, polyamide products that end up in oceans have become a source of microplastics. For this reason, the development of highly degradable polyamides is greatly desired.

Exploring the efficacy of acupuncture for tension-type headache: a literature review and insights from traditional Chinese medicine.

Tension-type headache (TTH) is a common primary headache disorder, and recent research has focused on various treatment options. However, studies evaluating acupuncture for TTH from the perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its mechanisms are limited. This literature review synthesizes findings from twelve clinical studies that investigated acupuncture for TTH treatment.

In situ decoration of AuPd nanoparticles on MOF derived ZnO for ultra-high response and low detection limit trimethylamine detection.

Background: Trimethylamine (TMA) is a colorless, volatile gas with a strong irritating odor. Prolonged exposure to a certain amount of TMA can cause symptoms such as dizziness, nausea and difficulty breathing, and may even be life-threatening. Therefore, effective detection of TMA is crucial.

Hybrid lipid nanoparticles with tumor antigen-primed dendritic cell membranes for post-surgical tumor immunotherapy.

Post-surgical tumor recurrence poses a major challenge in cancer treatment due to residual tumor cells and surgery-induced immunosuppression. Here, we developed hybrid nanoparticles, termed T-DCNPs, designed to promote antigen-specific activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells while concurrently inhibiting immunosuppressive pathways within the tumor microenvironment. T-DCNPs were formulated by co-extruding lipid nanoparticles containing a transforming growth factor β inhibitor with dendritic cells that were pre-treated with autologous neoantigens derived from surgically excised tumors.

Exploring the regulatory role of small RNAs in modulating host-pathogen interactions: implications for bacterial and viral infections.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transfer RNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) have emerged as crucial players in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in various cellular processes, including immunity and host defense against infections. In recent years, increasing evidence has highlighted their complex role in influencing the host response during viral and bacterial infections. miRNAs have been shown to play multiple roles in host-pathogen interaction like TLR activation and altered disease virulence during bacterial infections.

Knowledge of Accredited Social Health Activists in India: a systematic review and meta analysis of evidence drawn from primary studies published between 2005 and 2022.

Background: Since the inception of the ASHAs in the year 2005, their work horizons have increased from Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent health (RMNCH + A), Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases (CD & NCD) to oral health, ophthalmologic care, and other supportive community level healthcare services. The present literature lacks comprehensive understanding and synthesis of domain-wise knowledge of ASHAs and the factors affecting their knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize and collate the relevant evidence to understand the overall knowledge of ASHAs.

Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of Korean Long-tailed Chicken and Pangenome of 40 Gallus gallus Assemblies.

This study presents the first chromosome-level genome assembly of the Korean long-tailed chicken (KLC), a unique breed of Gallus gallus known as Ginkkoridak. Our assembly achieved a super contig N50 of 5.7 Mbp and a scaffold N50 exceeding 90 Mb, with a genome completeness of 96.